Total mercury distribution among soil aggregate size fractions in a temperate forest podzol

  1. Gómez Armesto, Antía
  2. Bibián-Núñez, Lucía
  3. Campillo-Cora, Claudia
  4. Pontevedra-Pombal, Xabier
  5. Arias-Estévez, Manuel
  6. Nóvoa-Muñoz, Juan Carlos
Revista:
Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

ISSN: 2253-6574

Ano de publicación: 2018

Volume: 8

Número: 1

Páxinas: 57-73

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2018.V8.N1.05 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Outras publicacións en: Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

Resumo

En este trabajo se analiza la distribución de Hg total (HgT) en fracciones de tamaño agregado en los horizontes A, E, Bh y Bs de un podzol forestal representativo. La distribución de agregados fue dominada por la fracción de tamaño arena gruesa (promedio del 55%), seguida arena fina (29%), limo fino (10%), limo grueso (4%) y arcilla (2%). En general, los valores medios de HgT incrementaron a medida que el tamaño de los agregados disminuía: arcilla (170 ng g-1) > limo fino (130 ng g-1) > limo grueso (80 ng g-1) > arena fina (32 ng g-1) > arena gruesa (14 ng g-1). El enriquecimiento de HgT en los agregados de tamaño arcilla varía entre 2 y 11 veces más que los niveles en la fracción tierra fina (< 2 mm). La acumulación de HgT en los agregados de menor tamaño estaba estrechamente asociada al C orgánico total, al C extraído con pirofosfato Na, a los complejos metal (Al, Fe)-humus y a los oxihidróxidos de Fe y Al. De hecho, estos parámetros variaron significativamente (p < 0,05) con el tamaño de agregado y sus valores más elevados se encontraron en las fracciones más finas. Esto sugiere el papel de estos compuestos del suelo en el incremento de la superficie específica por unidad de masa y de cargas negativas en los agregados más pequeños, favoreciendo la retención de Hg. Los valores del factor de acumulación de Hg (HgAF) fueron de hasta 10,8 en los agregados de tamaño arcilla, siendo cercanos a 1 en las fracciones de tamaño arena. Respecto de los factores de enriquecimiento de Hg (HgEF), estos fueron < 4 (categoría “contaminación moderada”) en la mayoría de los horizontes y tamaños de agregado. El índice de masa por tamaño de agregado (GSFHg) reveló que las fracciones más finas tenían una mayor carga de Hg que el correspondiente a sus masas, siendo destacable la contribución del limo fino que constituía más del 50% del HgT en los horizontes Bh y Bs. El índice de riesgo ecológico potencial (PERIHg) aumentó conforme disminuía el tamaño de agregado, con los valores más altos en los horizontes iluviales (45-903) y los más bajos en el horizonte E (3-363). La distribución heterogénea del Hg entre fracciones de tamaño agregado debe ser tenida en cuenta para la determinación de Hg para fines como cargas críticas, valores de fondo geoquímico o índices de riesgos medioambientales. Además, la acumulación de Hg en los agregados más finos podría ser preocupante debido a su potencial movilidad en suelos forestales, tanto mediante su transferencia por lixiviado a aguas freáticas y superficiales como su movilización por escorrentía en los horizontes superficiales.

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Información de financiamento

This work was supported by the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria (Xunta de Galicia) with a Reference Competitive Groups grant (ED431C2017/62) to BV1 Research Group. Xunta de Galicia is acknowledged by the pre-doctoral fellowship of A. G. A. (ED481A-2016/220). We also thank to the Seguridade Alimentaria e Desenvolvemente Sostible service of CACTI-University of Vigo for soil chemical characterization.

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