What drives buycotters, boycotters and dualcotters? An analysis of political consumerism in Spain

  1. Novo Vázquez, Amparo
  2. Vicente, María Rosalía
Revista:
Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales

ISSN: 1139-5737

Ano de publicación: 2024

Número: 62

Páxinas: 187-213

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.5944/EMPIRIA.62.2024.42015 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Empiria: Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales

Resumo

Political consumerism, as a means of participation through the marketplace, is increasing in most Western democracies. Consequently, companies have been obliged to make themselves accountable to customers. This paper analyses the factors associated with three types of political consumers: boycotters, buycotters, and dualcotters as opposed to those consumers who are not politically involved. Using data from a representative sample of the Spanish population, we focus on the role that the self-perceived efficacy of individuals as consumers plays on political consumerism. Results show that the predictors of the behaviour of boycotters and buycotters are generally different. Internal political efficacy is significant for dualcotters and buycotters whereas consumer efficacy is more predictive in the case of boycotters. The use of social networks is common to all political consumers.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • ACIK, N. (2013): “Reducing the participation gap in civic engagement: Political consumerism in Europe”. European Sociological Review, 29, pp. 1309–1322. https:// doi.org/10.1093/esr/jct016.
  • ANDERSEN, G.J., & TOBIASEN, M. (2004): “Who Are These Political Consumers Anyway? Survey Evidence from Denmark”. In M. Micheletti, M., A. Føllesdal & B. Stolle (Eds), Politics, Products, and Markets: Exploring Political Consumerism, Past and Present (pp. 203-221), Transaction Publishers.
  • ANDERSEN, K., OHME, J., BJARNØE, C., BORDACCONI, M., ALBÆK, E., & de VREESE, C. (2021): Generational Gaps in Political Media Use and Civic Engagement, Routledge Studies in Media, Communication and Politics.
  • ANDERSON, M., TOOR, S., OLMSTEAD, K., RAINIE, L., & SMITH A. (2018): Activism in the Social Media Age, Pew Research Center.
  • BAEK, Y. (2010): “To buy or not to buy: Who are political consumers? What do they think and how do they participate?”, Political Studies, 58, 1065-1086. https://doi. org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-9248.2010.00832.x
  • BALSIGER, P. (2013): Embedding “political consumerism”: A conceptual critique, EUI MWP, 2013/08 http://hdl.handle.net/1814/27318 (accessed 5-5- 2020)
  • BARNES, S. & KAASE, M. (1979): Political action: mass participation in five western democracies. Sage.
  • BAUDRILLARD, J. (1974). La Sociedad del consumo. SIGLO XXI
  • BAUMAN, Z (2003): La modernidad líquida. Fondo de Cultura Económica.
  • BECK, U. (1997): “Subpolitics: Ecology and the Disintegration of Institutional Power”, O r g a n i z a t i o n & E n v i r o n m e n t , 1 0 , 5 2 6 5 . h t t p s : / / d o i . org/10.1177/0921810697101008.
  • BECK, U. (2005): Power in the Global Age: A New Global Political Economy, Polity Press, Cambridge.
  • BECKER, A., & COPELAND, L. (2016): “Networked Publics: How connective social media use facilitates political consumerism among LGBT Americans”, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 13, 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.20 15.1131655.
  • BENNETT, L. (1998): “The uncivic culture: Communication, identity and the rise of lifestyle politics”, Political Science and Politics, 31, 741–61. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S1049096500053270
  • BOULIANNE, S. (2015): “Social media use and participation: a meta-analysis of current research”, Information, Communication & Society, 18, 524-538, https://doi.org/10. 1080/1369118X.2015.1008542.
  • BOULIANNE, S. (2021): “Socially mediated political consumerism”, Information, Communication & Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2021.2020872.
  • BOURDIEU, P. (2012): La distinción. Criterio y bases sociales del gusto. Taurrus.
  • BRÖCKERHOFF A., & QASSOUM M. (2021): “Consumer boycott amid conflict: The situated agency of political consumers in the occupied Palestinian territory”. Journal of Consumer Culture, 21, 892-912. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540519882483.
  • CASTELLÓ E., & MIHELJ S. (2018): “Selling and consuming the nation: Understanding consumer nationalism”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 18, 558-576. https://doi. org/10.1177/1469540517690570.
  • COPELAND, L. (2014a): “Conceptualizing Political Consumerism: How citizenship norms differentiate boycotting from boycotting”, Political Studies, 62, 172–186. https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1467-9248.12067
  • COPELAND, L. (2014b): “Value Change and Political Action: Postmaterialism, political consumerism, and political participation”, American Politics Research, 42, 257–282. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1532673X13494235
  • COPELAND, L., & BECKER, A. (2019): “Voting at the Ballot Box and in the Marketplace During the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election”, International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 3, 767–778. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/edy028.
  • COPELAND, L., & BOULIANNE, S. (2022): Political consumerism: A meta-analysis. International Poli t ical Science Review, 43, 3-18. https:/ /doi .org/ 10.1177/0192512120905048
  • COPELAND, L., BOULIANNE, S., & KOC-MICHALSKA, K. (2020): “Political consumption in comparative perspective”, Mobilizing Global Citizens: Political Consumption in Comparative Perspective (PCCP) Project: https://es.calameo.com/ read/0061458915d909dce087a (accessed 27-1-2021)
  • COPELAND L., & FEEZELL J. (2017): “The Influence of Citizenship Norms and Media Use on Different Modes of Political Participation in the US”, Political Studies, 65, 805-823. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032321717720374.
  • DALTON, R. (2006): “Citizenship Norms and Political Participation in America: The Good News Is ... the Bad News Is Wrong”, CDACS Occasional Paper 2006-01. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.495.4400&rep=rep1&type= pdf (accessed 2-12- 2021)
  • DALTON, R. (2008): “Citizenship Norms and the Expansion of Political Participation”, Political Studies, 56, 76–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00718.x
  • EKMAN, J., & AMNA, E. (2012): “Political Participation and Civic Engagement: Towards a New Tipology”, Human Affairs, 22, 283-300. https://doi.org/10.2478/ s13374-012-0024-1
  • ESCALAS, J.E., & BETTMAN, J.R. (2003): “You Are What They Eat: The Influence of Reference Groups on Consumer Connections to Brands” Journal of Consumer Psychology, 13, 339-348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1303_14
  • FARMER, A. (2014): Political Ideology and Consumer Preferences. Theses and Dissertations--Marketing and Supply Chain. 2.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/marketing_ etds/2.
  • FERRER-FONS, M. (2010): “El estudio del consumo político en Europa: ¿una forma de acción política de la ciudadanía del siglo XXI?”. In M. Torcal (Ed.) La ciudadanía europea en el siglo XXI. Estudio comparado de sus actitudes, opinión pública y comportamientos políticos, pp. 237-264, Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
  • FERRER-FONS, M., & FRAILE, M. (2006): “Exploring the social determinants of political onsumerism in Western Europe. (Working Paper 57/2006), Departamento de Ciencia Política. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid.
  • FERRER-FONS, M., & FRAILE, M. (2013): “Political Consumerism and the Decline of Class Politics in Western Europe”, International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 54, 467-489. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0020715213516476
  • FIRAT, A. F., & VENKATESH, A. (1995): “Liberatory Postmodernism and the Reenchantment of Consumption”, Journal of Consumer Research, 22, 239–267. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2489612.
  • FORNO, F., & CECCARINI, L. (2006): “From the Street to the Shops: The Rise of New Forms of Political Actions in Italy”, South European Society and Politics, 11, 197- 222. https://doi.org/10.1080/13608740600645501
  • FRIEDMAN, M. (1999): Consumer Boycotts: Effecting Change through the Marketplace and the Media, Routledge.
  • GABRIEL, Y., & LANG, T. (1995): The Unmanageable Consumer. Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446213049.
  • GIDDENS, A. (1991): Modernity and Self-identity. Self and Society in the Late Modern Age, Stanford University Press.
  • GIL DE ZÚÑIGA, H., COPELAND, L., & BIMBER, B. (2014): “Political Consumerism: Civic Engagement and the Social Media Connection”, New Media & Society, 16, 488-506. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1461444813487960
  • GOTLIEB, M. R., KYOUNG, K., GABAY, I., RIDDLE, K., & SHAH, D. V. (2015): “Socialization of lifestyle and conventional politics among early and late adolescents”, Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 41, 60-70. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.appdev.2015.06.004
  • GOTLIEB, M.R., & CHEEMA, S. (2017): “From consumer to producer: motivations, internet use, and political consumerism”, Information, Communication & Society, 20, 570-586. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1202301.
  • GREENE, S. (2004): “Social Identity Theory and Party Identification”, Social Science Quarterly, 85, 136–153. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42955932.
  • GUNDELACH, B., & KALTE, D. (2021): “Explaining the Reversed Gender Gap in Political Consumerism: Personality Traits as Significant Mediators”, Swiss Political Science Review, 27, 41-60. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12429.
  • HOOGHE M., & GOUBIN S. (2022): “The democratic potential of political consumerism: The effect of visibility bias and social stratification”, International Political Science Review. 43, 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192512120935931.
  • HOFFMANN, S., BALDERJAHNB, I., SEEGEBARTHC, B., MAID, R., & PEYERB, M. (2018): “Under Which Conditions Are Consumers Ready to Boycott or Buycott? The Roles of Hedonism and Simplicity”, Ecological Economics, 147, 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2018.01.004.
  • HOLZER, B,. & SØRENSEN M.P. (2003): “Rethinking Subpolitics: Beyond the`Iron Cage’ of Modern Politics? Theory”, Culture & Society, 20, 79-102. https://doi.org/1 0.1177/0263276403020002005.
  • INGLEHART, R. (1997). Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton University Press.
  • JOHNSTON, J. (2008): “The citizen-consumer hybrid: ideological tensions and the case of Whole Foods Market”, Theory and Society, 37, 229–270. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11186-007-9058-5
  • JUNG, K., GARBARINO, E., BRILEY, D., & WYNHAUSEN, J. (2017): Blue and Red Voices: Effects of Political Ideology on Consumers’ Complaining and Disputing Behavior, Journal of Consumer Research, 44, 477–499. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ ucx037.
  • JUNG, J., & MITTAL, V. (2020): “Political Identity and the Consumer Journey: A Research Review”, Journal of Retailing, 96, 55-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2019.09.003.
  • KAM, C., & DEICHERT, M. (2020): “Boycotting, Buycotting, and the Psychology of Political Consumerism”, The Journal of Politics, 82, 72-88. https://doi. org/10.1086/705922.
  • KAM, C. D., & PALMER, C. (2008): “Reconsidering the effects of education on political participation”, Journal of Politics, 70, 612–631. https://doi.org/10.1017/ s0022381608080651
  • KELM, O., & DOHLE, M. (2018): “Information, Communication and Political Consumerism: How (online) information and (online) communication influence boycotts and buycot t s” , New Media & Socie ty , 20 , 1523–1542. h t tps : / /do i . org/10.1177/1461444817699842.
  • KYROGLOU, G., & HENN, M. (2017): “Political Consumerism as a Neoliberal Response to Youth Political Disengagement”, Societies, 7, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/ soc7040034
  • KITSCHELT, H. (1993): “Class structure and social democratic party strategic”, British Journal of Political Science, 23, 299-337. https://doi.org/10.1017/ S0007123400006633.
  • KITSCHELT, H. (1994): The transformation of European social democracy. Cambridge University Press.
  • KOIVULA, A., KUKKONEN, I., SIVONEN, J., & RÄSÄNEN, P. (2020): “Is There Room for Ethical Consumers on the Finnish Political Spectrum?” Journal of Consumer Policy 43, 255–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-019-09414-3
  • KOOS, S. (2012): “What drives political consumption in Europe? A multi-level analysis on individual characteristics, opportunity structures and globalization”, Acta Sociologica, 55, 37-57. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001699311431594.
  • LANE, D., SLGI, S. L., LIANG, F., KIM, D., SHEN, L., WEEKS, B., & KWAK, N. (2019): “Social Media Expression and the Political Self”, Journal of Communication, 69, 49–72, https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqy064
  • LEKAKIS, E. (2015): “Economic nationalism and the cultural politics of consumption under austerity: The rise of ethnocentric consumption in Greece”, Journal of Consumer Culture, 17, 286-302. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540515586872.
  • MARIEN, S., HOOGHE, M., & QUINTELIER, E. (2010): “Inequalities in Non-institutionalized Forms of Political Participation: A Multi-level Analysis of 25 Countries”, Political Studies, 58, 187-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2009.00801.x.
  • MICHELETTI, M. (2003): Political Virtue and Shopping. Individuals, Consumerism, and Collective Action. Palgrave.
  • MICHELETTI, M., & STOLLE, D. (2005): “Swedish political consumers: Who they are and why they use the market as an arena for politics”. In M. Boström, A. Föllesdal, M. Klintman, M. Micheletti, M. Sörensen (Eds.) Political Consumerism: Its Motivations, Power, and Conditions in the Nordic Countries and Elsewhere (pp.145-154). TemaNord.
  • MICHELETTI, M., & FOLLESDAL, A. (2007): “Shopping for Human Rights. An Introduction to the Special Issue”, Journal of Consumer Policy, 30, 167–175. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10603-007-9039-0.
  • MICHELETTI, M. & STOLLE, D. (2008): “Fashioning Social Justice Through Political, Consumerism, Capitalism, and the Internet”. Cultural Studies, 22, 749-769. https:// doi.org/10.1080/09502380802246009.
  • MICHELETTI, M., & STOLLE, D. (2011): “Vegetarianism–A lifestyle politics?” In M. Micheletti & A.S. McFarland (Eds.) Creative Participation Responsibility-Taking in the Political World (pp. 125-145). Paradigm.
  • MICHELETTI, M. & MCFARLAND, A. (eds.). (2011): Creative Participation: Responsibility-Taking in the Political World. Paradigm Publishers.
  • de MOOR, J. (2016): “External efficacy and political participation revisited: The role of perceived output structures for state-and non-state-oriented action forms”, Parliamentary Affairs, 69, 642-662. https://doi.org/10.1093/pa/gsv055.
  • de MOOR, J. (2017): “Lifestyle politics and the concept of political participation”, Acta Politica, 52, 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1057/ap.2015.27.
  • MUHAMAD, N., KHAMARUDIN, M., & FAUZI, W. (2019): “The role of religious motivation in an international consumer boycott”, British Food Journal, 121, 199– 217. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-02-2018-0118.
  • NEILSON, L. (2010): “Boycott or Buycott? Understanding Political Consumerism”. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 9, 214-227. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.313.
  • NEILSON, L., & PAXTON, P. (2010): “Social capital and political consumerism: A multilevel analysis”, Social Problems, 57, 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1525/ sp.2010.57.1.5.
  • NEWMAN, B., & BARTELS, B. (2011): “Politics at the Checkout Line: Explaining Political Consumerism in the United States”, Political Research Quarterly, 64, 803–817. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23056348.
  • NONOMURA, R. (2017): “Political consumerism and the participation gap: are boycotting and ‘buycotting’ youth-based activities?”, Journal of Youth Studies, 20, 234- 251, https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1206861.
  • NORRIS, P. (2002): Democratic Phoenix. Reinveinting Political Activism. Cambridge University Press.
  • OHME, J., DE VREESE, C.H., & ALBÆK, E. (2018): “From theory to practice: how to apply van Deth’s conceptual map in empirical political participation research”, Acta Política, 53, 367–390. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41269-017-0056-y.
  • OMIDVAR, V., & GIANNAKAS, K. (2015): “The effects of fair trade on coffee growers: a framework and analysis”, Agricultural Economics, 46, 29-39. https://doi. org/10.1111/agec.12196.
  • ORDABAYEVA, N., & FERNANDES, D. (2018): “Better or Different? How Political Ideology Shapes Preferences for Differentiation in the Social Hierarchy”, Journal of Consumer Research, 45, 227–250, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucy004.
  • OYSERMAN, D. (2009): “Identity-Based Motivation: Implications for Action-Readiness, Procedural-Readiness, and Consumer Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19, 250–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2009.05.008
  • OYSERMAN, D., & SCHWARZ, N. (2017): “Conservatism as a Situated Identity: Implications for Consumer Behavior”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27, 532–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2017.08.003
  • QUINTELIER, E., & VAN DETH, J. W. (2014): “Supporting Democracy: Political Participation and Political Attitudes. Exploring Causality Using Panel Data”, Political Studies, 62, 153–171. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12097.
  • REJÓN, R. (2017): “Los supermercados empiezan a vetar el aceite de palma por el daño al medio ambiente y la salud”, El Diario. https://www.eldiario.es/sociedad/ aceite-palma-supermercados_1_3484409.html (accessed January, 23, 2021)
  • RIVAROLI, S., RUGGERI, A., & SPADONI, R. (2019): “Food ‘buycott’ as an ethical choice against mafia in Italy”, Journal of Social Marketing, 9, 490–506. https://doi. org/10.1108/JSOCM-11-2018-0139.
  • SCHLOSBERG, D., & CRAVEN, L. (2019): Sustainable materialism: Environmental movements and the politics of everyday life. Oxford University Press.
  • STOLLE, D., HOOGHE, M., & MICHELETTI, M. (2005): “Politics in the Supermarket: Political Consumerism as a Form of Political Participation”, International Political Science Review, 26, 254-255. https://www.jstor.org/stable/30039032.
  • STOLLE, D. & MICHELETTI, M. (2013): Political Consumerism. Global Responsibility in Action. Cambridge University Press.
  • STRØMSNES, K. (2009): “Political Consumerism: A Substitute for or Supplement to Conventional Political Participation?”, Journal of Civil Society, 5, 3030-3031. https://doi.org/10.1080/17448680903351834.
  • THEOCHARIS, Y., DE MOOR, J., & VAN DETH, J. (2021): “Digitally Networked Participation and Lifestyle Politics as New Modes of Political Participation” Policy & Internet, 30-53 https://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.231.
  • THEOCHARIS, Y., & J.W. VAN DETH. (2018a): Political Participation in a Changing World: Conceptual and Empirical Challenges in the Study of Citizen Engagement. Routledge.
  • THEOCHARIS, Y. & VAN DETH, J. (2018B): “The continuous expansion of citizen participation: A new taxonomy. European”, Political Science Review, 10, 139-163. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755773916000230.
  • TORCAL, M., MONTERO, R., & TEORELL, J. (2006): La participación política en España. Revista de Estudios Políticos, 132, 7-41.
  • VERBA, S., & NIE, N. (1972): Participation in America: political democracy and social equality. Harper & Row.
  • VERBA. S., SCHLOZMAN, K.L. & BRADY, H. (1995): Voice and equality: Civic voluntarism in American politics. Cambridge University Press.
  • VIDAL, M. (2017): “Las empresas, hartas de las campañas de boicot por el ‘procés’”, El Español (Crónica política). https://cronicaglobal.elespanol.com/politica/empresas-boicot-proces_88307_102.html (2-1-2021)
  • YATES, L. (2011): “Critical Consumption. Boycotting and buycotting in Europe”, European Societies, 13, 191-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616696.2010.514352.
  • ZORELL, C.V., & YANG, M. (2019): “Real-World Sustainable Citizenship between Political Consumerism and Material Practices”, Social Sciences, 8, 1-22. https://doi. org/10.3390/socsci8110311.
Fonte de datos: Dialnet