Influencia de la técnica empleada para triturar un injerto óseo en bloque sobre las propiedades físico-químicas del hueso particuladoestudio in vitro utilizando un modelo de costilla bovina

Abstract

Introduction: currently, the problem of the absence of bone volume in atrophic jaws of patients who demand implant treatment must be resolved to resolve the absence of teeth that represent a functional, aesthetic and social problem, which has led to a rise in regenerative techniques using autologous bone, either in particulate or block form. Objective: to evaluate the influence of the technique used to crush a bone block on their physical and chemical properties. Materials and methods: 120 bone blocks were obtained from 30 bovine ribs. Block 1 was used exclusively to analyze bone mineral composition (BMC) (% Ca and P); while blocks 2, 3 and 4 were used to determine the volume (V), bone mineral density (BMD), fractal dimension (FD), particle size and BMC, after grinding (block 2), crushing (block 3) and scraping (block 4) of the bone. The change in physical properties after crushing of the blocks was studied by radiological analysis using micro-computed tomography, while the changes in chemical properties were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and a microanalytical system based in energy dispersive and X-ray spectrometry. Bone particle size was calculated from the FESEM images using image analysis software. Results: the order from greatest to least increase in V was: scraper > grinder > crusher; The order from least to greatest decrease in BMD, FD, Ca and P was: scraper < grinder < grinder; and the order from largest to smallest particle size was: scraper > grinder > crusher. Conclusions: grinding a bone block with a grinder, crusher or scraper produces an increase in V and a decrease in BMD, FD and Ca and P levels, which is significantly greater with the grinder technique compared to the two other proposed techniques. Clinical relevance: using a scraper or grinder to crush bone affects the physical and chemical properties of bone less than when using a crusher, although more clinical studies are needed.