Emprise et objectivation du corps féminin dans les traditions africainesune approche philosophico-phénoménologique de la déconstruction et de l'adaptation du genre en afrique

Resumo

This dissertation has two main parts entitled as following: "Historical approach to the feminist revolution" and "Gender, African culture and development perspectives". The first part which develop the question of the gender and its derivatives, aims a good understanding of the historical evolution to seize the context in which gender issues have developed and how they shifted to a global ideology. Furthermore, the history of the feminist revolution has two important epistemological poles: firstly, the scientific gender, known also as "a gender studies"; then historical gender. According to Marene Toure, the notion of scientific gender incudes all the studies relating to anthropo-social sciences that surround the issue of feminism and gender. On the other hand, gender contains the publications of feminists who, by producing the basis for the legitimacy of specific issue in the analysis of "social relations of the sexes", have promoted, the growth of the new epistemological field, unifying theories and practices that form the essential of research on gender. While the second part is a reflection on cultural heterogeneity in Africa, particularly in its sub-Saharan part, as a major obstacle to the evolution of the philosophy of gender and certain questions relating to the development initiatives undertaken women. Actually, the anthropological and ethnological vision in black Africa is ontologically focused on power and life. The power is specific to man who creates, preserves, and transmits it thanks to progeny. Woman in contrary is a weak being who needs to be protected by man; consequently, she can not initiate any development project. This has two consequences: firstly, it is a clear negation of the autonomy and freedom of woman based on cultural considerations. Secondly, it prevents an emancipatory philosophy seen against nature and unproductive. It is this cultural barrier that is the main reason of the "statu quo" opposed to any change in the paradigm and justifies certain degrading practices such as excision, forced marriage and rape on behalf of cultural conservation. In our approach, we first drew examples from certain tribes to highlight the aspects of African culture that marginalize woman and gender. Then we deconstructed this vision and suggested an alternative that put woman at the centre of the development of the community that modern as well as peripheral Africa expects.