Propietats electromecàniques i electrocalòriques de l'antiferroelectric pbzro3

Zusammenfassung

Antiferroelectrics are non-polar materials which, under an electric field, switch to a ferroelectric (polar) nature, thus displaying the characteristic double-loop polarization-voltage hysteresis. They are currently being studied intensively, both from the fundamental point of view, to investigate what is the origin and behaviour of their functional response, and also from a practical point of view, as they are suitable for electrostatic energy storage and promising for applications in electromechanical transduction and electrocaloric cooling. The interest the electrocaloric effect (ECE) of antiferroelectrics stems from the large magnitude of their ECE responses and their exotic negative ECE response, whereby the material cools down when a voltage step is applied, and warms up when it is removed. In this thesis I take a look on the flexoelectric and electrocaloric effects and dynamics of antiferroelectrics. The interest in these two specific properties is manyfold. From a fundamental point of view, flexoelectricity is relevant as it has been proposed as an explanation for the antiparallel arrangement of dipoles and therefore for the origin of antiferroelectricity. In turn, the antiparallel dipole arrangement is at the basis of one of two competing models that aim to explain the anomalous electrocaloric effect of antiferroelectrics. The conclusions extrapolate directly onto a discussion about how antiferroelectrics should be physically understood: from a structural perspective, as antiparallel displacements of ions in the lattice? Or from an energetic view between the antiferroelectric and ferroelectric phases? Our results suggest the latter is the more useful view. Going from fundamentals to potential applications, the present work also explores the magnitude, dynamics and temperature range of applicability of the anomalous electrocaloric effect of antiferroelectrics. Finally, I present preliminary results on the growth of antiferroelectric PbZrO3 thin films and their electrical and electromechanical functionalities.