Recommendations for the forensic evaluation of the testimony in cases of false memories

  1. Adriana Selaya 1
  2. Henry Otgaar 2
  3. Manuel Vilariño 1
  1. 1 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
    info

    Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Santiago de Compostela, España

    ROR https://ror.org/030eybx10

  2. 2 KU Leuven
    info

    KU Leuven

    Lovaina, Bélgica

    ROR https://ror.org/05f950310

Revista:
Acción psicológica

ISSN: 1578-908X

Ano de publicación: 2023

Título do exemplar: Investigación aplicada en psicología jurídica y forense

Volume: 20

Número: 2

Páxinas: 19-28

Tipo: Artigo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Acción psicológica

Resumo

Se presenta una revisión de casos judiciales surgidos a partir de 1980 conocidos como ‘Casos de abuso en guarderías’. En estos casos, las presuntas víctimas fueron entrevistadas con un interrogatorio altamente sugestivo, lo que dio lugar a probables falsas memorias y a condenas erróneas. Además, se discute un caso italiano en el que un terapeuta ha sido recientemente condenado en relación con las falsas memorias. En concreto, el terapeuta fue condenado por implantar falsas memorias de abusos sexuales en una adolescente mediante técnicas sugestivas con el fin de ‘recobrar recuerdos que consideraba reprimidos en el inconsciente. Con estos casos en mente, se presenta una revisión de las recomendaciones para la evaluación forense que se están proponiendo en otros países europeos para la evaluación de casos judiciales en los que pudieran estar implicadas falsas memorias o entrevistas sugestivas. Así, se recomienda utilizar un enfoque de construcción de escenarios alternativos, un análisis en profundidad del contexto de la revelación del abuso y la participación de un experto adicional que actúe como revisor del informe. Además, se incluye una revisión de una serie de recomendaciones destinadas a la mejora de la redacción de los informes periciales. Todas estas recomendaciones contribuirían a reducir los sesgos cognitivos que pueden afectar a la evaluación, tanto antes como durante la misma. Se incluyen las implicaciones que la adopción de estas recomendaciones podría tener, tanto para el sistema judicial como para los individuos que sufren este tipo de situaciones, como la reducción de las condenas erróneas. Por último, se destaca la necesidad de crear espacios de asistencia a las víctimas de falsas memorias. Además, se recomienda encarecidamente la creación de comités de expertos que puedan asistir a los tribunales en casos equívocos, en los que se hayan detectado posibles influencias sugestiva

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Fonte de datos: Dialnet