Microbioma y cáncer colorrectaltranslocación de bacterias orales al intestino y búsqueda de potenciales biomarcadores

Abstract

The human microbiome plays an essential role in maintaining normal physiological functions. Previous studies have demonstrated its involvement in the development of different diseases such as colorectal cancer (CCR). This study used next-generation sequencing technologies to characterize the bacteriome of saliva, gingival crevicular fluid, feces, primary tumor tissues, and metastatic tissues from a cohort of 93 CRC patients. The results obtained were compared with bacteriome profiles of samples from a group of individuals without CCR, with the main objective of understanding the role of oral and gut bacteria in the CCR development. The findings revealed an imbalanced and a periodontal pathogen-enrichment in the intestinal microbiome of CCR patients. Notably, a specific combination of oral pathogens, absent in no CCR individuals, was identified as a potential biomarker for non-invasive CCR diagnosis using fecal samples. Among these pathogens, Parvimonas micra, detected in the oral cavity and in colorectal carcinomas, was extensively studied in a randomized cohort of 20 CCR patients. Comparative genome analysis demonstrated that this bacterium was able to translocate from the subgingival cavity to the colon forming synergistic consortia with other oral bacteria.