Estrategias bioclimáticas de las naves de crianza de las bodegas de vino en España como modelo de edificios de consumo de energía casi nula

Resumo

This national large-scale study investigates bioclimatic architectural solutions of Spanish wine ageing-rooms through participatory action research, within a larger project, whose acronym is Cowinergy, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity. In the Spanish wine sector, it is common to find buildings with low energy sustainability, requiring powerful air conditioning equipment to maintain adequate conditions for wine aging and preserving, leading to high energy expenditure. In other cases, the impossibility of maintaining appropriate conditions causes qualitative and quantitative wine losses. For this reason, the aim of this thesis is to quantify the frequency and geographic distribution of some bioclimatic architectural solutions in wine ageing rooms in the Spanish territory. Methods and results: This article presents the usage of some bioclimatic architectural solutions within Spanish winemaking facilities based upon a telephone survey directed mostly to 69 Spanish wine apellations of origin. The surveyed wineries were representative of the geographic distribution of producers in Spain and their combined (average yearly) bottle production represented almost 9.6% of the total Spanish wine production capacity. Out of the 377 surveyed cellars, only 303 had ageing rooms. Regarding bioclimatic design, the vast diversity of cellars presented particularities worth noticing. 51 sets of documents were collected, including 52 complete projects lent by 34 wineries of which, 5 were selected and characterized. Conclusions: The application, when possible, of well-known vernacular design principles for built and unbuilt cellars is promising. On the other hand, some clever design particularities presented by some cellars should be further studied for future application.