Polarización y riesgo de automatización del empleo en el mercado laboral español

  1. Francisco-Jesús Ferreiro-Seoane 1
  2. Cristian Mogo-Castro 1
  3. Manuel-Octavio Del-Campo-Villares 2
  4. Adrián Ríos-Blanco 2
  1. 1 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
    info

    Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Santiago de Compostela, España

    ROR https://ror.org/030eybx10

  2. 2 Universidade da Coruña
    info

    Universidade da Coruña

    La Coruña, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01qckj285

Revista:
Revista empresa y humanismo

ISSN: 2254-6413

Ano de publicación: 2023

Volume: 26

Número: 2

Páxinas: 33-68

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.15581/015.XXVI.2.33-68 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Revista empresa y humanismo

Resumo

The current document examines the transformations of the Spanish labour market -as a consequence of the employment polarisation process- . It also analyses how the occupational structure based on the risk of automation of each group can evolve. The results show that the polarisation of the Spanish labour market correlates, on the one hand, positively with the automation of routine content tasks and, on the other, negatively with educational and salary levels.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Acemoglu, D.; Autor, D. (2011). Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings. Handbook of Labor Economics, in: Ashenfelter, Orley; Card, David (eds.), Handbook of Labor Economics, Elsevier, 4, c. 12, 1043-1171. https://economics.mit.edu/sites/default/files/publications/Skills%2C%20Tasks%20and%20Technologies%20-%20Implications%20for%20.pdf
  • Acemoglu, D.; Restrepo, P. (2017). Robots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets. Journal of Political Economy, 128(6), 2188-2244. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/705716
  • Adermon, A.; Gustavsson, M. (2015), Job Polarization and Task-Biased Technological Change: Evidence from Sweden, 1975-2005. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 117(3), 878-917. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjoe.12109
  • Anghel, B.; De la Rica, S.; Lacuesta, A. (2014). The Impact of the Great Recession on Employment Polarization in Spain. SERIE 5, 143-171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13209-014-0105-y
  • Arntz, M.; Gregory, T.; Zierahn, U. (2016). The Risk of Automation for Jobs in OECD Countries: A Comparative Analysis. OECD Social, Employment and MigrationWorking Papers, nº. 189.: OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5jlz9h56dvq7-en
  • Asplund, R.; Barth, E.; Lundborg, P.; Nilsen, K. M. (2011). Polarization of the Nordic Labor Markets. Danish Economic Papers, 24(2), 87-110. https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:fep:journl:v:24:y:2011:i:2:p:87-110
  • Autor, D. H. (2015). Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 29(3), 3-30. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/jep.29.3.3
  • Autor, D. H. (2016, septiembre). Will Automation take away all our Jobs? [Archivo de vídeo]. http://www.ted.com/talks/david_autor_why_are_there_still_so_many_jobs
  • Autor, D. H.; Dorn, D. (2013). The Growth of Low-Skill Service Jobs and the Polarization of the US Labor Market. The American Economic Review, 103(5), 1553-1597. https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/aer.103.5.1553
  • Autor, D. H.; Levy, F.; Murnane, R. J. (2003), The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1279-1333. https://economics.mit.edu/files/11574
  • Brynjolfsson, E.; McAfee, A. (2012). Race against the Machine: How the Digital Revolution is Accelerating Innovation, Driving Productivity, and Irreversibly Transforming Employment and the Economy. Digital Frontier Press.
  • Consoli, D.; Sánchez-Barrioluengo, M. (2016). Polarization and the growth of low-skill employment in Spanish Local Labor Markets. Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography (PEEG), Utrecht University, Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Group Economic Geography, nº 1628, https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:egu:wpaper:1628
  • Dauth, W. (2014). Job Polarisation on Local Labor Markets. Technical Report 18, Institute for Employment Research, Paper 18. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12521
  • Doménech, R.; García, J. R.; Montañez, M.; Neut, A. (2018). ¿Cuán vulnerable es el empleo en España a la revolución digital? BBVA Research: Observatorio Económico. https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Cuanvulnerable-es-el-empleo-en-Espana-a-la-revolucion-digital.pdf
  • Fernández-Macías, E.; Bisello, M.; Sarkar, S.; Torrejón, S. (2016). Methodology of the Construction of Task Indices for the European Jobs Monitor. Eurofound. https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/sites/default/files/ef1617en2.pdf
  • Fonseca, T.; Lima, F.; Pereira, S. C. (2016). Job Polarisation, Technological Change and Routinisation: Evidence from Portugal. https://fenix.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/downloadFile/1689468335561623/paper_polarisation.pdf
  • Ford, M. (2015). The Rise of Robots. Oneworld Publications.
  • Frey, C. B. (2019). The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation. Princeton University Press.
  • Frey, C. B.; Osborne, M. A. (2013). The Future of Employment: how Susceptible are Jobs to Computerisation?. Oxford Martin School. https://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/academic/The_Future_of_Employment.pdf
  • Goos, M.; Manning, A. (2007). Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization ofWork in Britain. Review of Economics and Statistics, 1, 118-133. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest.89.1.118
  • Goos, M.; Manning, A.; Salomons, A. (2009). Job Polarization in Europe. American Economic Review, 99(2), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.99.2.58
  • Green, D. A.; Sand, B.M. (2015). Has the Canadian Labour Market Polarized?. Canadian Journal of Economics, 48(2), 612-646. https://doi.org/10.1111/caje.12145
  • Harrigan, J.; Reshef, A.; Toubal, F. (2016). The March of the Techies: Technology, Trade, and Job Polarisation in France, 1994-2007. National Bureau of Economic Research. Working Paper 22110. https://www.nber.org/papers/w22110
  • Hidalgo, M. A. (2019). Cambio tecnológico y renta básica. In Sevilla, Jordi (Coord.). Reforzar el bienestar social: del ingreso mínimo a la renta básica. Observatorio Social de la Caixa, 152. https://observatoriosociallacaixa.org/-/cambio-tecnologico-y-rentabasica-inf-renta
  • Keynes, J. M. [1930(1963)]. Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren. In Keynes, J. M. Essays in Persuasion.W.W. Norton & Co.. 358-373. http://www.econ.yale.edu/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf
  • Lahera Sánchez, A. (2021). El debate sobre la digitalización y la robotización del trabajo (humano) del futuro: automatización de sustitución, pragmatismo tecnológico, automatización de integración y heteromatización. Revista española de sociología, 30(3), a66. https://doi.org/10.22325/fes/res.2021.66
  • León Llorente, C. (2020). Robotización, ¿solo cambiará el empleo?. Revista Empresa y Humanismo, 23(1), 9-33. https://doi.org/10.15581/015.XXIII.1.9-33
  • Levy, F.; Murnane, R. (2004), The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market, Princeton University Press.
  • National Science and Technology Council (2016). Preparing for the Future of Artificial Intelligence. Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/whitehouse.gov/files/documents/Artificial-Intelligence-Automation-Economy.PDF
  • Nedelkoska, L.; Quintini G. (2018). Automation, Skills Use and Training, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers. OECD Publishing, nº 202. https://doi.org/10.1787/2e2f4eea-en
  • OCDE (2017). OECD Employment Outlook 2017. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/empl_outlook-2017-en
  • Ortega, A. (2016). La imparable marcha de los robots. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
  • Polanyi, K. (2016). La gran transformación: crítica del liberalismo económico. Virus Editorial.
  • Schumpeter, J. A. (2016a). Capitalismo, Socialismo y Democracia, vol. 1 (1a ed.). Página indómita.
  • Schumpeter, Joseph Alois (2016b). Capitalismo, Socialismo y Democracia, vol. 2. Barcelona: Página indómita.
  • Schwab, Klaus (2016). La cuarta revolución industrial. Barcelona: Debate.
  • Shook, E.; Knickrehm, M. (2017). Harnessing Revolution: Creating the FutureWorkforce Today. Accenture. https://www.accenture.com/_acnmedia/pdf-40/accenture-strategyharnessing-revolution-pov.pdf
  • Spitz-Oener, A. (2006). Technical Change, Job Tasks, and Rising Educational Demands: Looking outside theWage Structure. Journal of Labor Economics, 24(2), 235-270. https://doi.org/10.1086/499972
  • Stewart, K.; Deshpande, A.; Hoorens, S.; Gunashekar, S. (2019). Advanced Robotics. Implications of Game-Changing Technologies in the Service Sectors. EurofoundWorking Paper WPEF19001.
  • Storrie, D. (2019). The Future of Manufacturing in Europe, Eurofound. Publications Office of the European Union https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/publications/report/2019/the-future--of-manufacturing-in-europe
  • Susskind, D. (2020). A World without Work. Technology, Automation and How we Should Respond. Henry Holt & Company.
  • Tinbergen, J. (1974). Substitution of Graduate by other Labour. Kyklos: International Review for Social Sciences, 27(2), 217-226. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6435.1974.tb01903.x
  • Vilaplana, F.; Stein, G. (2020). Digitalización y personas. Revista Empresa y Humanismo, 23(1), 113-137. https://doi.org/10.15581/015.XXIII.1.113-137
  • Von James, M.; Chui, M.; Miremadi, M.; Bughin, J.; George, K.; Willmott, P.; Dewhurst, M. (2017). A Future that Works: Automation, Employment, and Productivity. McKinsey & Company. McKinsey Global Institute. https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/mckinsey/featured%20insights/Digital%20Disruption/Harnessing%20automation%20for%20a%20future%20that%20works/MGI-A-future-that-works-Executive-summary.ashx