Patologías de la mucosa oral más frecuentes en la edad pediátrica

Abstract

A wide variety of lesions of different etiologies can appear in the oral mucosa of children It is important that the dentist identifies them and can treat them in time. A bibliographic review of several national and international clinical studies on the most frequent pathologies of the oral mucosa in children aged 0 to 14 years was carried out. Material and methods: Literature review limited to ten years (2010-2020) in different databases, a total of 35 articles were selected. Demographic data were extracted into an excel table. Results: Twenty-one studies (sample size: 19,717 children) met the inclusion criteria, and 4,682 children (24%) had some type of oral lesion. With 57 types of lesions recorded, the most frequent were oral candidiasis (883; 18%) followed by recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) (634; 13%), herpetic lesions (599; 12%), traumatic lesions (529; 11%) and geographic tongue (462; 9%). Oral lesions according to etiology were fungal lesions the most prevalent  with 21.11%. The most frequent locations were the labial vermilion (199; 3.9%), the labial mucosa (182; 3.64%) and the tongue (179; 3.58%). Conclusions: Due to the scarce existence of studies, there is a need for more research on oral mucosal pathology in children, as 24% of children had some type of oral lesion. According to their etiology, fungal lesions stood out and the most common locations were: labial vermilion, tongue and labial mucosa.