Journalism, politics and citizenshipKeys to a new relationship from Spain

  1. García-Orosa, Berta 1
  2. Vázquez-Herrero, Jorge 1
  3. Xosé López García
  1. 1 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
    info

    Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Santiago de Compostela, España

    ROR https://ror.org/030eybx10

Revista:
Revista Latina de Comunicación Social

ISSN: 1138-5820

Ano de publicación: 2022

Número: 80

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.4185/RLCS-2022-1547 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Outras publicacións en: Revista Latina de Comunicación Social

Resumo

Introducción: La innovación modificó no solo las rutinas y los perfiles profesionales, sino que cuestionó la legitimidad pública y el carácter institucional del periodismo como actor político con la aparición de nuevos actores, como las plataformas digitales y sus algoritmos, y la reconfiguración del espacio comunicativo. Este artículo pretende fijar las bases de la relación entre el periodismo y la política en la actualidad y las tendencias de futuro. Metodología: La investigación se ha desarrollado a través de un estudio realizado entre febrero de 2020 y febrero de 2021 en España basado en la triangulación metodológica que incluye, además de la revisión bibliográfica, una encuesta a periodistas, una encuesta a ciudadanos y un panel de expertos con investigadores del área de periodismo. Discusión: Los resultados confirman a los periodistas como filtro entre la sociedad y la política, aunque la ciudadanía se muestra crítica. Conclusiones: Se revelan tendencias peligrosas para la democracia: la elección de los temas de la agenda mediática en los partidos políticos, la escasa participación de la audiencia, el ocultamiento de la importancia de los algoritmos y las plataformas digitales, y la alta automatización de la información para influir en la opinión pública y generar desinformación.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aalberg, T. & Strömbäck, J. (2011). Media-Driven Men and Media-Critical Women? An Empirical Study of Gender and MPs Relationships with the Media in Norway and Sweden. International Political Science Review, 32(2), 167-187.
  • Abeele, M. V., De Wolf, R. & Ling, R. (2018). Mobile media and social space: How anytime, anyplace connectivity structures everyday life. Media and Communication, 6(2), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v6i2.1399
  • Adami, E. (2016). Multimodality. In: García, N. et al. (eds), The Oxford Handbook of Language and
  • Society (pp. 451-473). Oxford Handbooks.
  • Aitamurto, T. & Varma, A. (2018). The constructive role of journalism: Contentious metadiscourse on constructive journalism and solutions journalism. Journalism Practice, 12(6), 695-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2018.1473041
  • Anduiza, E. & Rico, G. (2016). Economic correlates of populist attitudes: An analysis of nine European countries. Conference in the Central European University. Available from: https://bit.ly/2hVrcBP
  • Beckett, C. & Deuze, M. (2016). On the role of emotion in the future of journalism. Social Media +
  • Society, 2(3). http://doi.org/10.1177/2056305116662395
  • Bennett, W.L. & Pfetsch, B. (2018). Rethinking Political Communication in a Time of Disrupted Public Spheres. Journal of Communication, 68(2), 243-253. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx017
  • Benson, R., Neff, T. & Hessérus, N.M. (2018). Media Ownership and Public Service News: How Strong Are Institutional Logics? The International Journal of Press/Politics, 23(3), 275-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161218782740
  • Berganza, R., Herrero-Jiménez, B., & Gómez Montero, E. L. (2018). Who are the Spanish journalists? Professional profiles and changes in the profession. Brazilian Journalism Research, 14(2), 318-341. https://doi.org/10.25200/BJR.v14n2.2018.1077
  • Berganza, R., Lavín, E. & Piñeiro-Naval, E. (2017). Spanish journalists’ perception about their professional roles. Comunicar, 51, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.3916/C51-2017-08
  • Berrocal-Gonzalo, S., Campos-Domínguez, E. & Redondo-García, M. (2014). Media prosumers in political communication: Politainment on YouTube. Comunicar, 43, 65-72. https://doi.org/10.3916/C43-2014-06
  • Blumler, J.G. & Gurevitch, M. (1981). Politicians and the Press: An Essay in Role Relationship. In: Nimmo, D.D.; Sanders, K.R. (eds.), Handbook of Political Communication (pp. 467–493). Sage.
  • Blumler, J.G. & Kavanagh, D. (1999). The Third Age in Political Communication: Influences and Features. Political Communication, 16(3), 209-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/105846099198596
  • Bruns, A. & Nuernbergk, C. (2019). Political Journalists and Their Social Media Audiences: New Power Relations. Media and Communication, 7(1), 198-212. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v7i1.1759
  • Campbell, D.A. & Lambright, K.T. (2020). Terms of engagement: Facebook and Twitter use among nonprofit human service organizations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 30(4), 545-568. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21403
  • Cardenal, A.S., Aguilar-Paredes, C., Galais, C. & Pérez-Montoro, M. (2019). Digital technologies and selective exposure: How choice and filter bubbles shape news media exposure. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 24(4), 465-486. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161219862988
  • Carlson, M. (2020). Journalistic epistemology and digital news circulation: Infrastructure, circulation practices, and epistemic contests. New Media & Society, 22(2), 230-246. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819856921
  • Carlson, M. & Lewis, S.C. (2015). Boundaries of Journalism: Professionalism, Practices and Participation. Routledge.
  • Carvalho, A., Van Wessel, M. & Maeseele, P. (2017). Communication practices and political engagement with climate change: A research agenda. Environmental Communication, 11(1), 122 135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2016.1241815
  • Casero Ripollés, A. (2008). Modelos de relación entre periodistas y políticos: La perspectiva de la negociación constante. Estudios sobre el Mensaje Periodístico, 14, 111-128.
  • Casero-Ripollés, A., Micó-Sanz, J.-Ll. & Díez-Bosch, M. (2020). Digital Public Sphere and Geography: The Influence of Physical Location on Twitter’s Political Conversation. Media and Communication, 8(4), 96-106. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i4.3145
  • Castells, M. (2009). Comunicación y poder. Siglo XXI.
  • Castro, S., Pérez, L. & Amatta, J.M. (2016). El enjambre digital en la política argentina. Twitter en las campañas 2011-2013-2015. Rizoma, 4(1), 90-104. https://doi.org/10.17058/rzm.v3i1.6824
  • Chadwick, A. (2013). The Hybrid Media System: Politics and Power. Oxford University Press. Clarke, S., Hoggett, P. & Thompson, S. (2006). Emotion, Politics and Society. Palgrave Macmillan. Coleman, S. & Ross, K. (2010). The Media and the Public: “Them” and “Us” in Media Discourse. Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Dahlgren, P. (2005). The Internet, Public Spheres, and Political Communication: Dispersion and Deliberation. Political Communication, 22(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584600590933160
  • Desai, G. (2013). The Virtual Transformation of the Public Sphere. Routledge.
  • Deuze, M. (2021). On the ‘grand narrative’ of media and mass communication theory and research: a review. Profesional de la Información, 30(1). https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2021.ene.05
  • Ferrer-Conill, R. & Tandoc Jr, E.C. (2018). The audience-oriented editor: Making sense of the audience in the newsroom. Digital Journalism, 6(4), 436-453. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1440972
  • Gander, P. (1999). Two Myths about Immersion in New Storytelling Media. Lund University Cognitive Studies.
  • García-Orosa, B. (2018). Profile of the Cyber Media Audience: Discursive Representation and Praxis of Receiver 2.0. Palabra Clave, 21(1), 111-133. https://doi.org/10.5294/pacla.2018.21.1.6
  • García-Orosa, B. (2021). Digital Political Communication Strategies. Multidisciplinary Reflections. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • García-Orosa, B., López-García, X. & Vázquez-Herrero, J. (2020). Journalism in digital native media: Beyond technological determinism. Media and Communication, 8(2), 5-15. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i2.2702
  • Glück, A. (2016). What makes a good journalist? Empathy as a central resource in journalistic work practice. Journalism Studies, 17(7), 893-903. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1175315
  • Hamilton, J. (2016). Hybrid news practices. In: Witschge, T.; Anderson, C. W.; Domingo, D.; & Hermida, A. (eds.), The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism (pp. 164-178). Sage.
  • Hjarvard, S. (2008). The Mediatization of Society. A Theory of the Media as Agents of Social and Cultural Change. Nordicom Review, 29(2), 105-134.
  • Hjarvard, S. (2014). From Mediation to Mediatization: The Institutionalization of New Media. In: Hepp A.; Krotz F. (eds), Mediatized Worlds. London: Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137300355_8
  • Hopmann, D.N., Elmelund-Præstekær, C., Albæk, E., Vliegenthart, R. & Vreese, C.H.D. (2012). Party media agenda-setting: How parties influence election news coverage. Party Politics, 18(2), 173-191. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1354068810380097
  • Hujanen, J. (2016). Participation and the blurring values of journalism. Journalism Studies, 17(7), 871-880. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1171164
  • Humanes, M. L. & Roses, S. (2018). Journalistic role performance in the Spanish national press. International Journal of Communication, 12, 1032-1053.
  • Hutchings, S. (2019). Revolution from the margins: Commemorating 1917 and RT’s scandalising of the established order. European Journal of Cultural Studies, 23(3), 315-334. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549419871342
  • Jenkins, H. (2003). Transmedia storytelling. Moving characters from books to films to video games can make them stronger and more compelling. MIT Technology Review, January 15.
  • Jensen, J.L., Mortensen, M. & Ørmen, J. (2016). News Across Media: Production, Distribution and Consumption. Routledge.
  • Kalogeropoulos, A., Fletcher, R. & Nielsen, R.K. (2019). News brand attribution in distributed environments: Do people know where they get their news? New Media & Society, 21(3), 583-601. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444818801313
  • Kammer, A. (2013). The mediatization of journalism. MedieKultur, 29(54), 141-158. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v29i54.17385
  • López-García, X. (2022). Medios y democracia en España. 25 años de evolución y la impronta de los nativos digitales. In: García-Orosa, B. (ed.), 25 años de ciberdemocracia en España: Estrategias y actores emergentes. Nuevas formas de comunicación, nativos digitales y actores periféricos (in press). Thomson Reuters.
  • Mabrook, R. & Singer, J.B. (2019). Virtual reality, 360 video, and journalism studies: Conceptual approaches to immersive technologies. Journalism Studies, 20(14), 2096-2112. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2019.1568203
  • Masip, P., Suau, J. & Ruiz-Caballero, C. (2019). Active audiences and social discussion on the digital public sphere. Review article. Profesional de la Información, 28(2). https://doi.org//10.3145/epi.2019.mar.04
  • Mast, J., Coesemans, R. & Temmerman, M. (2019). Constructive journalism: Concepts, practices, and discourses. Journalism, 20(4), 492-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884918770885
  • Maurer, P.; Beiler, M. (2018). Networking and Political Alignment as Strategies to Control the News. Journalism Studies, 19(14), 2024-2041. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1310627
  • McNair, B. (2017). An Introduction to Political Communication. Routledge.
  • Mitchelstein, E. & Boczkowski, P.J. (2009). Between tradition and change: A review of recent research on online news production. Journalism, 10(5), 562-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884909106533
  • Morehouse, J. & Saffer, A. (2019). Illuminating the invisible college: An analysis of foundational and prominent publications of engagement research in public relations. Public Relations Review, 45(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.101836
  • Negredo, S. & Martínez-Costa, M. P. (2021). Tipos de medios nativos digitales: plataformas, alcance geográfico, lenguas y grupos empresariales. In: Salaverría, R. & Martínez-Costa, M. P. (eds.), Medios nativos digitales en España. Caracterización y tendencias (pp. 35-54). Comunicación Social.
  • Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Levy, D.A.L. & Kleis Nielsen, R. (2016). Digital News Report 2016. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
  • Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Schulz, A., Andi, S. & Kleis Nielsen, R. (2020). Digital News Report 2020. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.
  • Novoa-Jaso, M. F., Sánchez-Aranda, J. J. & Serrano-Puche, J. (2019). De la Redacción a la (gran) pantalla: roles profesionales del periodismo y su representación en la ficción audiovisual. Icono 14, 17(2), 32-58. https://doi.org/10.7195/ri14.v17i2.1368
  • Örnebring, H. (2010). Technology and journalism-as-labour: Historical perspectives. Journalism, 11(1), 57-74. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884909350644
  • Pavlik, J.V. (2020). Drones, augmented reality and virtual reality journalism: Mapping their role in immersive news content. Media and Communication, 8(3), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i3.3031
  • Peters, C. & Broersma, M. (2017). Rethinking Journalism Again. Societal Role and Public Relevance in a Digital Age. Routledge.
  • Rashidian, N., Tsiveriotis, G. & Brown, P. (2020). Platforms and Publishers: The End of an Era. Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University.
  • Roses, S. & Humanes-Humanes, M. L. (2019). Conflicts in the professional roles of journalists in Spain: Ideals and practice. Comunicar, 27(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.3916/C58-2019-06
  • Scolari, C. (2014). Narrativas transmedia: nuevas formas de comunicar en la era digital. In: Celaya, J. (ed.), Anuario AC/ de cultura digital (pp. 71–81). Acción Cultural Española.
  • Schulz, W. (2004). Reconstructing Mediatization as an Analytical Concept. European Journal of Communication, 19(1), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323104040696
  • Siddarth, D., Shankar, R. & Pal, J. (2021). ‘We do politics so we can change politics’: Communication strategies and practices in the Aam Aadmi Party’s institutionalization process. Information, Communication & Society (Online First). https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1856910
  • Spyridou, L.-P., Matsiola, M., Veglis, A., Kalliris, G. & Dimoulas, C. (2013). Journalism in a state of flux. International Communication Gazette, 75(1), 76-98. https://doi.org/10.11771748048512461763
  • Strömbäck, J. & van Aelst, P. (2013). Why Political Parties Adapt to the Media: Exploring the Fourth Dimension of Mediatization. International Communication Gazette, 75(4), 341-358. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048513482266
  • Smyrnaios, N. & Rebillard, F. (2019). How infomediation platforms took over the news: A longitudinal perspective. The Political Economy of Communication, 7(1).
  • Tamir, E. & Davidson, R. (2020). The good despot: Technology firms’ interventions in the public sphere. Public Understanding of Science, 29(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662519879368
  • Vállez, M. & Codina, Ll. (2018). Periodismo computacional: evolución, casos y herramientas. Profesional de la Información, 27(4), 759-768. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.05
  • Vázquez-Herrero, J., Direito-Rebollal, S., Silva-Rodríguez, A. & López-García, X. (2020). Journalistic Metamorphosis: Media Transformation in the Digital Age. Springer Nature.
  • Vulchanova, M.D., Baggio, G., Cangelosi, A. & Smith, L. B. (2017). Editorial: Language Development in the Digital Age. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2017.00447
  • Weaver, D.H. & Willnat, L. (2012). The Global Journalist in the 21st Century. Routledge.
  • Wilding, D., Fray, P., Molitorisz, S. & McKewon, E. (2018). The Impact of Digital Platforms on News and Journalistic Content. University of Technology Sydney.
  • Witschge, T., Anderson, C.W., Domingo, D. & Hermida, A. (2016). The SAGE Handbook of Digital Journalism. Sage.
  • Yamamoto, M., Nah, S. & Bae, S.Y. (2020). Social media prosumption and online political participation: An examination of online communication processes. New Media & Society, 22(10), 1885-1902. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819886295