Medium-term impact of post-fire emergency rehabilitation techniques on a shrubland ecosystem in Galicia (NW Spain)

  1. Montserrat Díaz Raviña 1
  2. Alba Lombao Vázquez 1
  3. Ana Isabel Barreiro Buján 1
  4. Angela Martín Jiménez 1
  5. Tarsy Carballas Fernández 1
  1. 1 Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
Revista:
Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

ISSN: 2253-6574

Ano de publicación: 2018

Volume: 8

Número: 3

Páxinas: 322-346

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2018.V8.N3.03 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Outras publicacións en: Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

Resumo

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la eficacia de dos técnicas emergentes de rehabilitación post-incendio (siembra y acolchado) para reducir la erosión del suelo así como sus efectos sobre la calidad del suelo. Para ello, en la experiencia de campo se implementaron las siguientes parcelas: suelo no quemado, suelo quemado, suelo quemado más siembra y suelo quemado más acolchado. Se tomaron muestras de suelo del horizonte A y un amplio rango de propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas fueron analizadas para evaluar la calidad del suelo. El efecto del fuego sobre la cubierta vegetal fue detectado un año después del incendio y los cambios sobre las propiedades del suelo persistieron incluso 4 años después del mismo. El patrón de los ácidos grasos de los fosfolípidos demostró que a medio plazo (8-48 meses después del incendio) el fuego puede modificar las comunidades microbianas del suelo por alteración de las comunidades vegetales a través de los cambios inducidos en el suelo. No se observó ningún efecto de la siembra ni del acolchado sobre la cubierta vegetal. La eficiencia media para la prevención de la erosión del suelo durante el período de 8 y 12 meses después del incendio y la aplicación de los tratamientos fue del 11% para la siembra y del 65% para el acolchado. Estos tratamientos de estabilización tuvieron una menor influencia sobre la calidad del suelo postincendio, a medio plazo; por lo tanto, teniendo en cuenta su eficacia, se recomienda el acolchado como la mejor técnica de estabilización post-incendio.

€ Ver financiamento

Información de financiamento

This study was supported by the Consellería de Medio Rural de la Xunta de Galicia (08MRU-002400PR) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (AGL2008-02823), Spain. A. Barreiro and A. Lombao are recipients of FPU grants from Spanish Ministry of Education (AP2010-2284, AP2010-1900). The authors wish to acknowledge to Mª Cruz Mato for helping in identifying some plant species.

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Albadalejo-Montoro J, Alvárez-Rogel J, Querejeta J, Díaz E, Castillo V. 2000. Three hydroseeding revegetation techniques for soil erosion control on anthropic steep slopes. Land Degrad Dev. 11:315-325.
  • Badía D, Martí C. 2000. Seeding and mulching treatments as conservation measures of two burned soils in the central Ebro valley, NE Spain. Arid Soil Res Rehabil. 13:219-232.
  • Bárcenas-Moreno G, García-Orenes F, Mataix-Solera J, Mataix-Beneyto J. 2016. Plant influence on soil microbial response after a wildfire in Sierra Nevada National Park (Spain). Sci Total Environ. 573:1265-1274.
  • Bárcenas-Moreno G, García-Orenes F, Mataix-Solera J, Mataix-Beneyto J, Bååth E. 2011. Soil microbial recolonisation after a fire in a Mediterranean forest. Biol Fertil Soil 47:261-272.
  • Barreiro A, Bååth E, Díaz-Raviña M. 2016. Bacterial and fungal growth in burnt acid soils amended with different high C/N mulch materials. Soil Biol Biochem. 97:102-111.
  • Barreiro A, Fontúrbel MT, Lombao A, Martín A, Vega JA, Fernández C, Carballas T, Díaz-Raviña M. 2015. Using phospholipid fatty acid and community level physiological profiling techniques to characterize soil microbial communities following an experimental fire and different stabilization treatments. Catena 135:419-429.
  • Barreiro A, Martín T, Carballas T, Díaz-Raviña M. 2010. Response of soil microbial communities to fire and fire-fighting chemicals. Sci Total Environ. 408:6172-6176.
  • Barreiro A, Martín A, Carballas T, Díaz-Raviña M. 2016. Long-term response of soil microbial communities to fire and fire-fighting chemicals. Biol Fertil Soils 52:963-975.
  • Bautista S, Bellot J, Vallejo VR. 1996. Mulching treatment for post-fire soil conservation in a semiarid ecosystem. Arid Soil Res Rehabil. 10:235-242.
  • Bautista S, Robichaud PR, Bladé C. 2009. Post-fire mulching. In: Cerdà A, Robichaud PR, editors. Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies. Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers. p. 353-372.
  • Benito E, Cerdà A, Soto, B, Díaz-Fierros F, Rubio JL, Varela E, Rodríguez M. et al. 2010. Métodos para el estudio de la erosionabilidad del suelo: su aplicación en suelos afectados por incendios forestales. In: Cerdà A, Jordán A, editors. Actualización de métodos y técnicas para el estudio de los suelos afectados por incendios forestales. 1st ed. FUEGORED, Cátedra de Divulgación de la Ciencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain. p. 85-108.
  • Beyers JL. 2009. Non-native and native seeding. In: Cerdà A, Robichaud PR, editors. Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies. Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers. p. 299-320.
  • Carballas T, Martín A, Díaz-Raviña M. 2009. Efecto de los incendios forestales sobre los suelos de Galicia. In: Cerdà A, Mataix-Solera J, editors. Efectos de los incendios forestales sobre los suelos en España. El estado de la cuestión visto por los científicos españoles. 1st ed. Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain: Cátedra de Divulgación de la Ciencia. p. 269-301.
  • Carballas T, Rodríguez-Rastrero M, Artieta O, Gumuzzio J, Díaz Raviña M, Martín A. 2016. Soils of the temperate humid zone. In: Hartemink A, Series Editor, Gallardo Lancho F, editor. The Soils of Spain. 1st ed. Volume 3. World Soil Book Series. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. p. 49-144.
  • Cerdà A, Doerr SH. 2008. The effects of ash and needle cover on surface runoff and erosion in the immediate post-fire period. Catena 74:253-263.
  • Cerdà A, Jordán A, editors. 2000. Actualización de métodos y técnicas para el estudio de los suelos afectados por incendios forestales. Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain: FUEGORED, Cátedra de Divulgación de la Ciencia.
  • Certini G. 2005. Effects of fire on properties of forest soils: A review. Oecologie 143:1-10.
  • Chandler C, Cheney TM, Thomas P, Trabaud L, Williams D. 1983. Fire effects on soil, water and air. In: Fire in Forestry. Forest Fire Behaviour and Effects. Vol 1. New York: John Wiley & Sons. P. 171-202.
  • Díaz-Fierros F, Benito E, Pérez R. 1987. Evaluation of the USLE for prediction of erosion in burnt forest areas in Galicia (NW Spain). Catena 14:189-199.
  • Díaz-Fierros F, Benito E, Vega JA, Castelao A, Soto B, Pérez R, Taboada T. 1990. Solute loss and soil erosion in burnt soil from Galicia (NW Spain). In: Goldammer JF, Jenkins MJ, editors. Fire in Ecosystems Dynamics. Mediterranean and Northern Perspectives. The Hague, The Netherlands: SPB Academic Publishing. p. 103-106.
  • Díaz-Raviña M, Acea MJ, Carballas T. 1993. Seasonal fluctuations in microbial populations and available nutrients in forest soils. Biol Fertil Soils 16:205-210.
  • Díaz-Raviña M, Acea MJ, Carballas T. 1995. Seasonal changes in microbial biomass and nutrient flush in forest soils. Biol Fertil Soils 19:220-226.
  • Díaz-Raviña M, Bååth E, Martín A, Carballas T. 2006. Microbial community structure in forest soils treated with a fire retardant. Biol Fertil Soils 42:465-471.
  • Díaz-Raviña M, Fontúrbel MT, Guerrero C, Martín M, Carballas T. 2010. Determinación de las propiedades bioquímicas y microbiológicas en suelos quemados. In: Cerdà A, Jordán A, editors. Actualización de métodos y técnicas para el estudio de los suelos afectados por incendios forestales. 1st ed. FUEGORED. Cátedra de Divulgación de la Ciencia, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain. p. 465-497.
  • Díaz-Raviña M, Martín A, Barreiro A, Lombao A, Iglesias L, Díaz-Fierros F, Carballas T. 2012. Mulching and seeding treatments for post-fire stabilisation treatments in N.W. Spain: Short-term effects and effectiveness. Geoderma 191:31-39.
  • Dubuy B, Vallejo R. 2008. Land use and fire history effects on post-fire vegetation dynamics in eastern Spain. J Veg Sci.19:97-108.
  • Eivazi F, Bayan MR. 1996. Effects of long-term prescribed burning on the activity of selected soil enzymes in an oak-hickory forest. Can J For Res. 26:1799-1804.
  • Fernández C, Vega JA. 2014a. Efficacy of bark strands and straw mulching after wildfire in NW Spain: Effects on erosion control and vegetation recovery. Ecol Eng. 63:50-57.
  • Fernández C, Vega JA. 2014b. Shrub recovery after fuel reduction treatments and a subsequent fire in a Spanish heathland. Plant Ecol. 215:1233-1243.
  • Fernández C, Vega JA, Fontúrbel T. 2016a. Reducing post-fire erosion from the air: Performance of heli-mulching in a mountainous area on the coast of NW Spain. Catena 147:489-495.
  • Fernández C, Vega J, Fontúrbel T, Barreiro A, Lombao A, Gómez-Rey MJ, Díaz-Raviña M, González-Prieto S. 2016b. Effects of straw mulching on initial post-fire recovery. Ecol Eng. 95:138-142.
  • Fernández C, Vega JA, Fontúrbel T, Jiménez E, Pérez JR. 2008. Immediate effects of prescribed burning, mastication and clearing on runoff, infiltration and erosion in a scrubland area in Galicia (NW Spain). Land Degrad Dev. 21:74-87.
  • Fernández C, Vega JA, Jiménez E, Fonturbel T. 2011. Effectiveness of three post-fire treatments at reducing soil erosion in Galicia (NW Spain). Int J Wild Fire 20:104-114.
  • Fernández C, Vega JA, Jiménez E, Vieira DCS, Merino A, Ferreiro A, Fontúrbel T. 2012. Seeding and mulching + seeding effects on post-fire runoff, soil erosion and species diversity in Galicia (NW Spain). Land Degrad Dev. 23:150-156.
  • Ferreira AJD, Prats Alegre S, Oliveira Alves Coelho C, Shakesby RA, Páscoa FM, Santos Ferreira CS, Keizer JJ, Ritsema C. 2015. Strategies to prevent forest fires and techniques to reverse degradation processes in burned areas. Catena 128:224-237.
  • Fierer N, Schimel JP, Holden PA. 2003. Variations in microbial community structure thorough two soil depth profiles. Soil Biol Biochem. 35:167-176.
  • Fontúrbel MT, Barreiro A, Vega JA, Martín A, Jiménez E, Carballas T, Fernández C, Díaz-Raviña M. 2012. Effects of an experimental fire and post-fire stabilisation treatments on soil microbial communities. Geoderma 191:51-60.
  • Fontúrbel MT, Fernández C, Vega JA. 2015. Efectos a medio plazo de tratamientos de rehabilitación post-incendio en propiedades microbiológicas. In: Proceedings of the III Reunión Conjunta del Grupo de Trabajo de Repoblaciones Forestales de la SECF y el Grupo de Trabajo de Restauración Ecológica de la AEET; 2015 Oct 22-23; Escuela Politécnica Superior de Lugo, USC, Lugo, Spain; p. 1-17.
  • Fritze H, Pennanen T, Peitikånen J. 1993. Recovery of soil microbial biomass and activity from prescribed burning. Can J For Res. 23:1286-1290.
  • Fritze H, Pietikånen J, Pennanen T. 2000. Distribution of microbial biomass and phospholipid fatty acids in Podzol profiles under coniferous forest. Eur J Soil Sci. 51:561-573.
  • Frostegård A, Bååth E, Tunlip A. 1993. Shifts in the structure of soil microbial communities in limed soils as revealed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. Soil Biol Biochem. 25:723-730.
  • Frostegård A, Tunlip A, Bååth E. 2011. Use and misuse of PLFA measurements in soils. Soil Biol Biochem. 43:1621-1625.
  • Garveva P, van Veen JA, van Elsas JD. 2004. Microbial diversity in soil: selection of microbial population by plant and soil type and implication for disease suppressiveness. Phytophatology 42:243-270.
  • Gómez-Rey MX, Couto-Vázquez A, García-Marco S, Vega JA, González-Prieto SJ. 2013. Reduction of nutrients losses with eroded sediments by post-fire stabilization techniques. Int J Wild Fire 22:696-706.
  • Gómez-Rey MX, González-Prieto SJ. 2014. Short and medium-term effects of a wildfire and two emergency stabilization treatments on the availability of macronutrients and trace elements in topsoil. Sci Total Environ. 493:251-261.
  • Gómez-Rey MJ, González-Prieto SJ. 2015. Soil gross N transformation rates after a wildfire and straw mulch application for burned soil emergency stabilization. Biol Fertil Soil 51:493-505.
  • Grayston SJ, Wang S, Campbell CD, Edwards AC. 1998. Selecting influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. Soil Biol Biochem. 30:369-378.
  • Groen AH, Woods SW. 2008. Effectiveness of aerial seeding and straw mulch for reducing post-fire erosion North-Estern Montana, USA. Int J Wild Fire 17:559-571.
  • Guitián-Ojea F, Carballas T. 1976. Técnicas de Análisis de Suelos. 2nd ed. Santiago de Compostela, Spain: Editorial Pico Sacro. 288 p.
  • Hart SC. DeLuca TH, Newman GS, Derk Mackenzie M, Boyle SI. 2005. Post-fire vegetative dynamics as drivers of microbial community structure and function in forest soils. For Ecol Manag. 220:166-184.
  • Helfrich M, Ludwig B. Thoms C, Gleixner G, Flessa H. 2015. The role of soil fungi and bacteria in plant litter decomposition and macroaggregate formation determined using phospholipid fatty acids. Appl Soil Ecol. 96:261-264.
  • Holden SR, Gutiérrez A, Treseder KK. 2013. Changes in soil fungal communities, extracellular enzyme activities, and litter decomposition across a fire chronosequence in Alaska boreal forest. Ecosystems 16:34-36.
  • Huang Z, Xu Z, Chen C. 2008. Effect of mulching on labile soil organic matter pools, microbial community functional diversity and nitrogen transformations in two hardwood plantations of subtropical Australia. Appl Soil Ecol. 40:229-239.
  • Karlen DL, Mausbach MJ, Doran JW, Cline RG, Hamis RF, Schuman GE. 1997. Soil quality: a concept, definition and framework for evaluation. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 61:4-10.
  • Kim CG, Shin K, Joo KY, Lee KS, Shin SS, Choung Y. 2008. Effects of soil conservation measures in a partially vegetated area after forest fires. Sci Total Environ. 399:158-164.
  • Kribeche H, Bautista S, Gimeno T, Blade C, Vallejo VR. 2013. Evaluating the effectiveness of post-fire rehabilitation treatments on soil degradation and erosion control in semi-arid Mediterranean areas of the Spanish South East. Arid Land Res Manag. 27:361-376.
  • Lombao A, Barreiro A, Carballas T, Fontúrbel MT, Martín A, Vega JA, Fernández C, Díaz-Raviña M. 2015a. Changes in soil properties after a wildfire in Fragas do Eume Natural Park (Galicia, NW Spain). Catena 135:409-418.
  • Lombao A, Díaz-Raviña M, Martín A. Barreiro A, Fontúrbel MT, Vega JA, Fernández C, Carballas T. 2015b. Influence of straw mulch application on the properties of a soil affected by a forest wildfire. Spanish J Soil Sci. 26:26-40.
  • MAPAMA 2018. Estadísticas de incendios forestales. http://www.mapama.gob.es/es/desarrollo-rural/estadisticas/avanceinformativoa31deenerode2018_tcm7-358485.pdf.
  • Martín A, Díaz-Raviña M, Carballas T. 2009. Evolution of composition and content of soil carbohydrates following forest wildfires. Biol Fertil Soils 45:511-520.
  • Martín A, Díaz-Raviña M, Carballas T. 2011. Seasonal changes in the carbohydrate pool of an Atlantic forest soil under different vegetation types. Spanish J Soil Sci. 1:38-53.
  • Mataix-Solera J, Guerrero C, García-Orenes F, Bárcenas GM, Torres MP. 2009. Fire effects on soil microbiology. In: Cerdà A, Robichaud PR, editors. Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies. Volume 5. Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers. p. 133-175.
  • Matinizadeh M, Korori SAA, Teimouri M, Praznik W. 2008. Enzyme activities in undisturbed and disturbed forest soils under oak (Quercus brantii var. persica) as affected by soil depth and seasonal variation. Asian J Plant Sci. 7:368-378.
  • Morgan P, Moy M, Droske CA, Lentile LB, Lewis SA, Robichaud PR, Hudak AT. 2014. Vegetation response after post-fire mulching and native grass seeding. Fire Ecol. 10:49-62.
  • Nannipieri P, Ascher J, Ceccherini MT, Landi L, Pietramellara G, Renella G. 2003. Microbial diversity and soil functions. Eur J Soil Sci. 54:655-670.
  • Neary DG, Klopatek CC, DeBano LF, Ffolliott PF. 1999. Fire effects on belowground sustainability: A review and synthesis. For Ecol Manag. 122:51-71.
  • Prats SA, MacDonald L, Monteiro MSV, Ferreira AJD, Coello COA, Keizer JJ. 2012. Effectiveness of forest residue mulching in reducing post-fire runoff and erosion in a pine and a eucalypt plantation in north-central Portugal. Geoderma 191:115-124.
  • Prats SA, Wagenbrenner JW, Martins MAS, Malvar MC, Keizer JJ. 2016. Mid-term and scaling effects of forest residue mulching on post-fire runoff and soil erosion. Sci Total Environ. 573:1242-1254.
  • Prieto-Fernández A, Acea MJ, Carballas T. 1998. Soil microbial and extractable C and N after wildfire. Biol Fertil Soils 27:132-142.
  • Prosdocimi M, Tarolli P, Cerdà A. 2016. Mulching practices for reducing soil water erosion: A review. Earth-Sci Rev. 161:191-203.
  • Reyes O, Casal M, Rego FC. 2009. Resprouting ability of six Atlantic shrub species. Folia Geobot. 44:19-29.
  • Robichaud PR. 2009. Post-fire stabilization and rehabilitation. Land reconstruction and management. In: Cerdà A, Robichaud PR, editors. Fire Effects on Soils and Restoration Strategies. Volume 5. Enfield, NH, USA: Science Publishers. p. 299-320.
  • Robichaud PR, Ashmun LE, Sims BD. 2010. Post-Fire Treatments Effectiveness for Hillslope Stabilization. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-240. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 62 p.
  • Robichaud PR, Beyers JL, Neary DG. 2000. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Postfire Rehabilitation Treatments; General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-63. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Forest Service. Fort Collins, Colorado, USA: U.S. Department of Agriculture. 85 p.
  • Robichaud PR, Lewis SA, Wagenbrenner JW, Ashun LE, Brown RE. 2013. Post-fire mulching for runoff and erosion mitigation. Part I: Effectiveness at reducing hillslope erosion rates. Catena 105:75-92.
  • Robichaud PR, Lillybridge TR, Wagenbrenner JW. 2006. Effects of post-fire seeding and fertilizing on hillslope erosion and north-central Washington, USA. Catena 67:56-67.
  • Rousk J, Bååth E. 2007. Fungal and bacterial growth in soil with plant materials of different C/N ratios. FEMS Microbial Ecol. 62:258-267.
  • Shakesby RA. 2011. Post-wildfire soil erosion in the Mediterranean: review and future research direction. Earth Sci Rev. 105:71-100.
  • Six J, Frey SD, Thiet RK, Batten KM. 2006. Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Soil Sci Am J. 70:555-569.
  • Soil Survey Staff. 2010. Keys to Soil Taxonomy. 11th edition. Washington, D.C.: USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service
  • Varela ME, Benito E, Keizer JJ. 2010. Effects of wildfire and laboratory heating on soil aggregate stability of pine forests in Galicia: The role of lithology, soil organic matter content and water repellency. Catena 83:127-134.
  • Vega JA, Fernández C, Fontúrbel T. 2005. Throughfall, runoff and soil erosion alter prescribed burning in gorse shrubland in Galicia (NW Spain). Land Degrad Dev. 16:37-51.
  • Vega JA, Fernández C, Fontúrbel T. 2015. Comparing the effectiveness of seeding and mulching + seeding in reducing soil erosion after a high severity fire in Galicia (NW Spain). Ecol Eng. 74:206-212.
  • Vega JA, Fernández C, Fontúrbel MT, González-Prieto SJ, Jiménez E. 2014. Testing the effects of straw mulching and herb seeding on soil erosion after a gorse shrubland. Geoderma 223-225:79-87.
  • Vega JA, Fontúrbel T, Fernández C, Arellano A, Díaz-Raviña M, Carballas T, Martín A, González-Prieto S, Merino S, Benito E. 2013. Acciones Urgentes contra la Erosión en Áreas Forestales Quemadas. Guía para su Planificación en Galicia. Santiago de Compostela, Spain: Tórculo Artes Gráficas. 139 p.
  • Wagenbrenner JW, MacDonal LH, Rough D. 2006. Effectiveness of three post-fire rehabilitation treatments in the Colorado Front Range. Hydrol Process. 20:2989-3006.
  • Wardle DA. 1992. A comparative assessment of factors which influence microbial biomass C and nitrogen levels in soil. Biol Rev. 67:321-358.
  • Zhang Y-M, Wou, N, Zou G-Y, Bao, W-K. 2005. Changes in enzyme activities of spruce (Picea balforiana) forest soil as related to burning in the easter Quinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Appl Soil Ecol. 30:2015-2025.
Fonte de datos: Dialnet