Modélisation et étude mathématique de réseaux de câbles électriques

Abstract

This thesis aim to modelize network made of coaxial and multi-conductors cables.It could be mathematically represent with the Maxwell equations which deals on electromagnetic waves propagating in the network or an electrical circuit whose unknowns - the electrical potentials and currents - satisfy the telegrapher's equation on each branches and the Kirchhoff's laws on each knots.The first method is enough general to integrate many defaults but numerically too expansive for the application we have in mind, namely non destructive testing. The second one is not obtained from the Maxwell theory and it is valid if and only if the cable are perfect (cylindrical, lossless...). We derive some 1D models generalizing the usual telegrapher's equation and Kirchhoff's rules from Maxwell's equation. This new models integrate plenty of defects (geometry, losses, skin-effect, materials' characteristics varying) and are derive via asymptotic analysis (classical ones, multi-scales ones, matched ones) by considering very small parameters (transverse dimensions of the cables relative to length of the cables, conductivity of the dielectric part relative to the metal of the inner-wires, size of the junction part relative to the whole network).One of the mathematical difficult is due to the fact that the geometry we will consider (sections of the cables, junctions) are not simply connected. Thus we will generalize usual tools such as the Helmholtz decompositions.