La Europa resilienteopinión pública europea y euroescepticismo o cómo las cosas pueden no ser lo que creemos
- Antón Losada 1
- Elba Maneiro 1
-
1
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
info
ISSN: 1130-8001, 1988-3129
Año de publicación: 2021
Título del ejemplar: Cambio democrático en la Unión Europea durante el primer decenio de vida del Tratado de Lisboa (2009-2019)
Volumen: 58
Número: 1
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Política y sociedad
Resumen
In the last decade, and with Brexit as a turning point, discontent and mistrust of the EU institutions as well as the rise of Eurosceptic political forces have called into question both the legitimacy of the EU integration process and the common European identity. In this context, there are many voices that assume that this growth of political parties of a Eurosceptic or even anti-EU nature goes hand in hand with a loss of identification with the European project. In this article, however, we question whether the rise of these political formations has been paralleled by a decline in the sense of EU membership and identification of European citizens as such. To contrast our hypothesis, we analyze different time series on key questions about EU identity and competences from the Eurobarometer Standard carried out by the European Commission. Data is provided to support the hypothesis of the consolidation of a dual identity of European citizens, a perspective in which national identity, regional identity and European identity do not necessarily compete with each other, but in which citizens build their identity in a complementary way.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Alonso, S. (2014): “You can vote but you cannot choose”: Democracy and the sovereign crisis in the Eurozone”. Working paper 2014/282. IC3JM.
- Blokker, N. (2005): “Populist Nationalism, Anti-Europeanism, Postnationalism, and the East-West Distinction”. German Law Journal, 6(2), pp. 371-389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2071832200013687
- Bruter, M. (2003): “Winning Hearts and Minds for Europe. The Impact of News and Symbols on Civic and Cultural European Identity”. Comparative Political Studies, 36 (10), pp. 1148-1179. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414003257609
- Bruter, M. (2004): “On what citizens mean by feeling ‘European’: perceptions of news, symbols and borderless‐ness”. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(1), pp. 21-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183032000170150
- Bruter, M. (2008): “Legitimacy, Euroscepticism & Identity in the European Union – Problems of Measurement, Modelling & Paradoxical Patterns of Influence”. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 4 (4), pp. 273-285.
- Bruter, M. (2009): “Time Bomb? The Dynamic Effect of News and Symbols on the Political Identity of European Citizens”. Comparative Political Studies, 42(12), pp. 1498–1536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414009332465
- Caiani, M; D. Della Porta y C. Wagemann (2012): Mobilizing on the Extreme Right. German, Italy and the United States. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Capello, R. (2018): “Cohesion Policies and the Creation of a European Identity: The Role of Territorial Identity”, Journal of Common Market Studies (JCMS), 56 (3), pp. 489–503. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12611
- Diez Medrano, J. (2010): “Unpacking European identity”. Politique européenne, 30(1), pp. 45-66. https://doi.org/10.3917/poeu.030.0045
- Dijkstra, L; H. Poelman y A. Rodríguez Pose (2018): The Geography of EU descontent. Working paper. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
- Duchesne, S. y A. P. Frognier (2008): “National and European Identications: a Dual Relationship”. Comparative European Politics 6(2), pp. 143–168.
- Eichenberg, R. C. y R. J. Dalton (2007): “Post-Maastricct blues: the transformation os citizen support for European Integration 1973-2004”. Acta Política 42 (2-3), pp. 128-152.
- Gomez, R. (2015): “The economy strikes back: support for the EU during the great recession”. Journal of Common Market Studies. 53 (3); pp 577-92.
- Herrmann, R. K. y M. B. Brewer (2004): “Identities and Institutions Becoming European in the EU”. En Herrmann, Richard K.; Thomas Risse-Kappen y Marilynn B. Brewer (eds.) Transnational Identities: Becoming European in the EU. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 1-22.
- Hobolt, S. B. (2015): Public attitudes towards the euro crisis. Democratics Politics in a European Union under stress. Oxford University Press, pp.48-66.
- Hooghe, L. y G. Marks (2005): “Calculation, Community and Cues: Public Opinion on European Integration”. European Union Politics Vol 6(4), pp. 419-443. 419 https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116505057816
- Hooghe, M. y S. Verhaegen (2017): “The Democratic Legitimacy of EU Institutions and Support for Social Policy in Europe”. En Vandenbroucke, Frank; Catherine Barnard y Geert De Baere (eds.). A European Social Union after the Crisis. Cambridge University Press, pp. 120-139. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108235174.006
- Hooghe, L. y G. Marks (2017): “Cleavage theory meets Europe´s crises: Lipset, Rokkan, and the transnational cleavage”. Journal of European Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2017.1310279
- Keating, M. (2007): “La integración europea y la cuestión de las nacionalidades”. Revista Española de Ciencia Política, 16, pp. 9-35.
- Máiz, R. (2008): La Frontera Interior. El lugar de la nación en la teoría de la democracia y el federalismo. Murcia: Tres Fronteras Ediciones.
- Majone, G. (1996): Regulating Europe. Routledge. Londres. 1996.
- Majone, G. (2017): “The European Union post-Brexit: Static or dynamic adaptation?” European Law Journal. 23. 1-2. pp. 9-27.
- Moravcsik, A. (2018): “Preferences, power and institutions in 21First Century Europe”. Journal of Common Market Studies. 56(7). pp 1648-1674.
- Nicili, F. (2017): “Democratic legitimacy in the era of fiscal integration”. Journal of European Integration. 39(4). pp 389-404.
- Pannico, R. (2017): “Is the Euroepan Union too complicated? Citizen´s lack of information an party cue effectiveness”. European Union Politics. 18(3), pp. 424-446. https://doi.org/10.1177/1465116517699892
- Risse, T. (2010): A comunity of europeans? Transnational identities and public spheres. Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
- Ruchet, O. (2011): “Cultural Diversity, European Identity and Legitimacy of the UE: A Review of the Debate”. En Fuchs, Dieter y Hans-Dieter Klingemann (eds.) Cultural Diversity, European Identity and the Legitimacy of the EU. Cheltenham (UK)/ Northampton (USA): Studies in EU Reform and Enlargement, pp. 3-26.
- Ruíz Jiménez, A. M. y C. González Enriquez (2007): “La Identidad nacional y europea de los ciudadanos españoles. Un estudio cualitativo de entrevistas y grupos de discusión”. Revista de Estudios Políticos. 136. pp. 143-178.
- Sánchez-Cuenca, I. (2017): “From a deficit of democracy to a tecnocratic order: The postcrisis debate on Europe”. Annual Review of Politicas Science. 20, pp. 351-69.
- Scharpf, F.W. (2015): “After the Crush: A perspective on multilevel european multilevel democracy”. European Law Journal. 21. pp. 384-405.
- Serricchio, F. ; M. Tsakatika y L. Quaglia (2012): “Euroescepticism and the Global finnacial crises”. Journal of Common Market Studies. 51(1), pp. 51-64.
- Smith, A. D. (1998): Nacionalismo y modernidad: un estudio crítico de las teorías reci entes sobre naciones y nacionalismo. Madrid: Istmo.
- Sojka, A. y R. Vázquez (2014): “Identidad Europea en el sur de Europa: un análisis comparado de las percepciones de las élites y opinión pública en España y Portugal”. Revista Española de Ciencia Política, No 36, pp. 89-114.
- Taggart, P. y A. Szczerbiak (2013): “Coming from the Cold. Euroscepticism, Government participation and party position on Europe”. JCMS. 51(1). pp.17-37. Oxford. 2013.
- Taggart, P. y A. Szczerbiak (2018):“Putting Brexit into perspective: the effecto of Eurozone and migration crises and Brexit on Euroscepticism in European states”. Journal of European Public Policy. 25(8). pp.1194-1214.
- Verhaegen, S., M. Hooghe y E. Quintelier, E. (2014): “European Identity and Support for European Integration: A Matter of Perceived Economic Benefits?”. Kyklos, 67(2), pp. 295–314. https://doi.org/10.1111/kykl.12055
- Verhoegen, S. (2018): “What to expect from european identity? Explaining support for solidarity in times of crises”. Comp Eur Polit 16. pp. 871-904.
- Wallaschek, S. (2019): “Solidarity in Europe in times of crisis”. Journal of European Integration. 41(2). pp 257-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/07036337.2019.1546980
- Weiler, J. H. H. (1997): “To be a European citizen. Eros and civilization”. Journal of European Public Policy, 4(4). pp 495-519.
- Weiler, J. H. H. (2012): “In the face of the crisis: Input legitimacy, output legitimacy and the polítical mesianisme of european integration”. Journal of European Integration. 34(7). pp 825-841.