Nuevas metodologías para la determinación del consumo hídrico en la vidEfectos del momento de aplicación del déficit hídrico y carga de cosecha en parámetros productivos y cualitativos en climas semiáridos

Resumo

This thesis, it is proposed to adjust and evaluate useful methodologies for the determination of water consumption in vineyard. On the one hand, the ability of the CropSyst (CS) crop simulation model to predict vegetative development, water consumption and the water status of a vineyard cv. Tempranillo in Extremadura was evaluated. For this, in 2010, the necessary parametric adjustments were made to the model, comparing the CS outputs with data obtained from a plot that has a vine-weighing lysimeter. After the adjustments made in 2010, it was validated for the years 2011 and 2012. CS correctly simulated the evapotranspiration of the crop (ETc) and the crop coefficient (Kc). However, there was a certain deviation when simulating vegetative development and water status. The other methodology adjusted and evaluated in this thesis were the sap flow sensors. Its robustness during four years was evaluated to determine transpiration in vineyard, comparing them with data obtained from a weighing lysimeter. The relationship between vegetative development and vine transpiration with different water availability was also obtained and the transpiration response of the vine when subjected to water stress was evaluated. Finally, the productive, vegetative and qualitative behavior in vineyard cv. Tempranillo was analyzed for 3 years, against different irrigation strategies with two levels of crop load, adjusted by early cluster thinning. The results were variable between years.