Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Journalismtransformations in the company, products, contents and professional profile

  1. José-Miguel Túñez-López 1
  2. César Fieiras-Ceide 1
  3. Martín Vaz-Álvarez 1
  1. 1 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
    info

    Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Santiago de Compostela, España

    ROR https://ror.org/030eybx10

Revista:
Comunicación y sociedad = Communication & Society

ISSN: 2386-7876

Ano de publicación: 2021

Volume: 34

Número: 1

Páxinas: 177-193

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.15581/003.34.1.177-193 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Comunicación y sociedad = Communication & Society

Resumo

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most promising innovation frameworks with the potential to transform our relationship with technology. Particularly in journalism, AI is beginning to make its way transversally into the news production process and into the structure and functioning of the media. This article aims to anticipate how AI will impact on the Spanish media ecosystem and explain the medium-term transformations that are already being felt. The research approach is of an exploratory and descriptive nature, with a qualitative methodology based on Delphi-like in-depth interviews, encompassing an intentional sample of academic representatives, relevant associations and leading companies in the field of technology and communication. The results point out that AI will allow the extension of the current automated text news to audio and video on demand, it will favour that news can have a non-linear unstructured consumption, it will promote changes in the business model through new ways of relating with the audience and distribution of the product. Also, variations in the professional profile with a less operative journalist who will avoid routines –even of personal nature– that can be imitated by the machine and increase its cognitive contribution to the news production.

Información de financiamento

Funded by the project (RTI2018-096065-B-I00): “New values, governance, funding and public audiovisual services for the Internet society: European and Spanish contrasts,” from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and the ERDF. Martín Vaz-Álvarez is a beneficiary of an FPU grant (ref. FPU19/06204).

Financiadores

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Broussard, M. (2019). Artificial unintelligence. How computers misunderstand the world. MIT Press. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/01972243.2019.1655942
  • Carlson, M. (2015). The robotic reporter: automated journalism and the redefinition of labor, compositional forms, and journalistic authority. Digital journalism, 3(3), 416-431.
  • Caswel, D. (2019). Structured Journalism and the Semantic Units of News. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1134-1156. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1651665
  • Clerwall, C. (2014). Enter the robot journalist. Journalism Practice, 8(5), 519-531.
  • COM (2018). 237 Artificial Intelligence for Europe Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the European Council, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/transparency/regdoc/rep/1/2018/ES/COM-2018-237-F1-ES-MAIN-PART-1.PDF
  • Diakopoulos, N. (2014). Algorithmic accountability. Digital Journalism 3(3), 398–415. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2014.976411
  • Diakopoulos, N. (2019). Automating the News. London: Harvard University Press
  • Dierickx, L. (2019). Automated information and new actors in journalistic processes. On Journalism, 8(2), p. 158.
  • Dörr, K. & Hollnbuchner, K. (2017). Ethical Challenges of Algorithmic Journalism. Digital Journalism, 5(4), 404-419. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2016.1167612
  • Dörr, K. (2016). Mapping the field of algorithmic journalism. Digital Journalism, 4(6), 700–722. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2015.1096748
  • Edge, A. (2014). Ophan: key metrics informing editorial at The Guardian. Retrieved from https://www.journalism.co.uk/news/how-ophan-offers-bespoke-data-to-inform-content-at-the-guardian/s2/a563349
  • European Broadcasting Union (2019). News report 2019 the next newsroom unlocking the power of AI for public service journalism. EBU. Retrieved from https://www.ebu.ch/publications/strategic/login_only/report/news-report-2019
  • Fletcher, R, Schifferes, S. & Thurman, N. (2020). Building the ‘Truthmeter’: Training algorithms to help journalists assess the credibility of social media sources. Convergence, 26(1),19-34. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1354856517714955
  • Flew, T., Spurgeon, C. H. & Swift A. (2012). The promise of computational journalism. Journalism Practice, 6(2), 157–171. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2011.616655
  • Flores Vivar, J. M. (2019). Inteligencia artificial y periodismo: diluyendo el impacto de la desinformación y las noticias falsas a través de los bots. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 197-212. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a10
  • Ford, H. & Hutchinson, J. (2019). Newsbots that mediate journalist and audience relationships. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1013-1031. https://www.doi.org10.1080 / 21670811.2019.1626752
  • Graefe, A. (2016). Guide to automated journalism. Retrieved from https://www.cjr.org/tow_center_reports/guide_to_automated_journalism.php
  • Gran, A. B., Booth, P. & Bucher, T. (2020). To be or not to be algorithm aware: a question of a new digital divide? Information. Communication & Society, 1-18. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1736124
  • Hansen, M., Roca-Sales, M., Keegan, J. et al (2017). Artificial Intelligence: Practice and Implications for Journalism. Brown Institute for media innovation and the tow center for digital journalism. Columbia Journalism School, p. 7. https://www.doi.org/10.7916/d8x92prd
  • Helberger, N. (2019). On the Democratic Role of News Recommenders. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 993-1012. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1623700
  • Jones, B. & Jones, R. (2019). Public service chatbots: automatic conversation with BBC News. Digital Journalism, 7(8), 1032-1053. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1609371
  • Karlsen, J. & Stavelin, E. (2014). Computational journalism in Norwegian newsrooms. Journalism Practice, 8(1), 34–48. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.813190
  • Kim, J., Lee, K., Kim, Y., Kuppuswamy, N. S. & Jo, J. (2007). Ubiquitous robot: a new paradigm for integrated services. In 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, (pp. 2853–2858). Roma: IEEE.
  • Lecompte, C. (2015). Automation in the newsroom. Nieman Reports, 69(3), 32–45. Retrieved from http://niemanreports.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/NRsummer2015.pdf
  • Lindén, C. (2017). Algorithms for journalism: the future of news work. The Journal of Media Innovation, 4(1), 60-76. https://www.doi.org/10.5617/jmi.v4i1.2420
  • Marconi, F. & Siegman, A. (2017). The future of augmented journalism: a guide for newsrooms in the age of smart machines. About AP insights. Retrieved from https://insights.ap.org/uploads/images/the-future-of-augmented-journalism_ap-report.pdf
  • Matsumoto, R., Nakayama, H. & Harada, T. (2007). Journalist robot: robot system making news articles from real world. Paper presented at the 2007 IEEE international conference on robotics and automation, Oct 29-Nov 2. https://www.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2007.4399598
  • Napoli, P. (2012). Audience evolution and the future of audience research. International Journal on Media Management, 14(2), 79-97. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2012.675753
  • Newman, N. (2020). Journalism, media and technology: trends and predictions for 2020 (ES). London: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism & Oxford University. Retrieved from https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/periodismo-medios-y-tecnologia-tendencias-y-predicciones-para-2020
  • Oppenheimer, A. (2018). Sálvese quien pueda. El futuro del trabajo en la era de la automatización. Madrid: Debate.
  • Oremus, W. (2015). No more pencils, no more books. Slate. Retrieved from http://publicservicesalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Adaptive-learning-software-is-replacing-textbooks-and-upending-American-education.-Should-we-welcome-it.pdf
  • Rojas Torrijos, J. L. & Toural Bran, C. (2019). Periodismo deportivo automatizado. Estudio de caso de AnaFut, el bot desarrollado por El Confidencial para la escritura de crónicas de fútbol. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 235-254. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a12
  • Salazar, I. (2018). Los robots y la inteligencia artificial. Nuevos retos del periodismo. Doxa Comunicación, 27, 295–315. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n27a15
  • Saurwein, F. (2019). Emerging structures of control for algorithms on the Internet en Media Accountability in the Era of Post-Truth Politics. In T. Eberwein, S. Fengler & M. Karmasin (Eds.), European Challenges and Perspectives, (Chapt. 13). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
  • Segarra-Saavedra, J., Cristòfol, F. J. & Martínez-Sala, A. M. (2019). Inteligencia artificial (IA) aplicada a la documentación informativa y redacción periodística deportiva. El caso de BeSoccer. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 275-286. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a14
  • Slaček, S. & Tomanić, I. (2019) Algoritmizacija nacionalne tiskovne agencije: primer STA, Javnost-The Public, 26(1), S62-S81. https://www.doi.org/10.1080 / 13183222.2019.1696601
  • Soffer, O. (2019). Algorithmic personalization and the two-step flow of communication, Communication Theory, qtz008. https://www.doi.org/10.1093/ct/qtz008
  • Stavelin, E. (2014). Computational journalism: when journalism meets programming. Doctoral Thesis. University of Bergen.
  • Túñez-López, J. M., Toural-Bran C. & Frazão-Nogueira A. G. (2020). From Data Journalism to Robotic Journalism: The Automation of News Processing. In J. Vázquez-Herrero, S. Direito-Rebollal, A. Silva-Rodríguez & X. López-García (Eds.), Journalistic Metamorphosis. Studies in Big Data, vol 70. Springer, Cham. https://www.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36315-4_2
  • Túñez-López, M., Toural-Bran, C. & Cacheiro-Requeijo, S. (2018). Uso de bots y algoritmos para automatizar la redacción de noticias: percepción y actitudes de los periodistas en España. El profesional de la información, 27(4), 750-758. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.04
  • Túñez-Lopez, M., Toural-Bran, C. & Valdiviezo, C. (2019). Automation, bots and algorithms in newsmaking. Impact and quality of artificial journalism. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 74, 1411-1433. https://www.doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1391en
  • Ufarte Ruiz, M. J.& Manfredi Sánchez, J. L. (2019). Algoritmos y bots aplicados al periodismo. El caso de Narrativa Inteligencia Artificial: estructura, producción y calidad informativa. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 213-233. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a11
  • Valdiviezo-Abad, C. & Bonini, T. (2019). Automatización inteligente en la gestión de la comunicación. Doxa Comunicación, 29, 169-196. https://www.doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a9
  • Vállez, M. & Codina, L. (2018). Periodismo computacional: evolución, casos y herramientas. El profesional de la información, 27(4), 759-768. https://www.doi.org/10.3145/epi.2018.jul.05
  • Van Dalen, A. (2012). The algorithms behind the headlines. Journalism Practique, 6(5-6), 648–658. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.667268
  • VVAA (2019). Estrategia española de I+D+i en Inteligencia Artificial. Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades. Retrieved from http://www.ciencia.gob.es/stfls/MICINN/Ciencia/Ficheros/Estrategia_Inteligencia_Artificial_IDI.pdf
  • VVAA (2019). AIoT How IoT Leaders Are Breaking Away. SAS, Intel & Deloitte. Retrieved from https://www.sas.com/sas/offers/19/aiot-how-iot-leaders-are-breaking-away-emea.html
  • Wölker, A. & Powell, T. E. (2018). Algorithms in the newsroom? News readers perceived credibility and selection of automated journalism. Journalism, Practice & Criticism. https://www.doi.org/10.1177/1464884918757072
  • Wu, S., Tandoc, E. C. & Salmon C. H. (2019). A Field Analysis of Journalism in the Automation Age: Understanding Journalistic Transformations and Struggles Through Structure and Agency. Digital Journalism, 7(4), 428-446. https://www.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2019.1620112
  • Yanfang, W. (2019). Is Automated Journalistic Writing Less Biased? An Experimental Test of Auto-Written and Human-Written News Stories. Journalism Practique, 14, 1-21. https://www.doi.org10.1080 / 17512786.2019.1682940