Análisis comparado de los sistemas de contratación laboral temporal en España y Paraguay

Abstract

The content of this work is intended to be the result of the study of such an extent subject as it is the temporary work contract. The interest for the subject started back in 2008, in the research for my Master Degree on the classic issue of “contracts” in its purpose within the frame of temporary contracts as “The contract for work or service”. Despite de outstanding grades received from the examining board, it was noticed a missing of the figure of existing temporary contracts in my own country, Paraguay. Thereby, the need to deepen in the study related to the nature of the temporary employment was a motivation to initiate this particular academic work, widening the field of contacts to a comparative analysis that lightens the essential aspects of temporality terms of contracts in Spain and Paraguay. It could seem that the aim of this study is more extent than any PhD thesis could embrace, nevertheless, we took the challenge for a very particular reason: it does not exist in Paraguay a single research, neither doctrinal nor academic that shows a theory or rule of the terms of temporary work and service contracts, including all that it implies. Thus, this work goes further than any personal motivation and comes to be more an intellectual obligation in the fields of researches for my country. As it is known, Spain has a high level of research work in doctrines, jurisprudence and practices related to temporary work contracts. Thus, the legislative experiences and the principles of stability, flexibility, guaranties of equality, promotion of employment are of great important value as comparative sources for statements related to the other part that is being compared with. Our intention is to enter in a field never investigated before; the field of the study of temporary work contracts in Paraguay, comparing with the categories used in the studies of Spain´s reality in terms of contracts. Regarding the disparities between these two countries as Spain and Paraguay in terms of regional characteristics, economics indices, to point out some differences, the principle of stability adopted in the Paraguayan labor code of 1961, written by Luis P. Frescura y Candia under the supervision of the then researcher of the ILO (International Labor Office), Professor Eugenio Pérez Botija, are currently in force until these days. Thus, the validity of this comparative research responds to the following points: - The strong influence in the Paraguayan first labor code in 1961 of the rules of stability of the Spanish doctrine, probably the more developed related to this branch of law, since the supervision and active role of the Spanish Professor Eugenio Perez Botija in the developed of the Paraguayan labor code. - The vast Spanish regulatory experience related to temporary work contracts and the validity of the principle; and in the other hand, the extreme lack of analysis of the temporality of work contracts and its performance in the jurisprudence in the case law. - The model role that play the European countries, specially Spain, for Latin American doctrine of law in Juridical Science and - The constant rules as the outcomes of similar experiences of both countries. Logically, this study will not exhaust the issue of temporary work contracts in either of both countries. Although, the referential role of the temporary work contract played by Spain, to which many observations are made, and the revision of the Paraguayan rules related to temporary work contracts could mean of a great value to the doctrine, especially of the latest country. It is important to say that the conclusions of this comparative study about the principle of temporality in Paraguay constitute the result of a personal research, because of the very limited bibliographic sources in the subject and the non existing texts of analysis specialize in temporary work contracts.