Teoría e Interpretación en la Arqueología de la Muerte

  1. Javier Rodríguez-Corral 1
  2. Eduardo Ferrer Albelda 2
  1. 1 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
    info

    Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Santiago de Compostela, España

    ROR https://ror.org/030eybx10

  2. 2 Universidad de Sevilla
    info

    Universidad de Sevilla

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03yxnpp24

Journal:
SPAL: Revista de prehistoria y arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla

ISSN: 1133-4525 2255-3924

Year of publication: 2018

Issue: 27

Pages: 89-123

Type: Article

DOI: 10.12795/SPAL.2018I27.17 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: SPAL: Revista de prehistoria y arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla

Abstract

The archaeology of death and identity is crucial to our attempts to understand past societies. Through the remains of funerary rituals, archaeologists study not only ancient people’s attitudes and feelings toward death and the afterlife but also about their culture, social system, and world view. This paper provides an overview and synthesis of one of the most revealing fields of research into the past, focusing on the theoretical issues that have encouraged the different approaches over the time.

Funding information

La conceptualización antropológica de la muerte, inspirada en gran medida por presupuestos psicologi-cistas, estableció premisas generales sobre las actitu-des hacia el mundo de ultratumba. Tylor (1871), en sus consideraciones sobre el animismo, sostuvo que los in-dividuos proyectaban, en el contexto de la muerte, la dicotomía cuerpo-alma percibida en los sueños. Esta dicotomía, según Frazer (1886), explicaría el miedo que, en muchas sociedades, los vivos tienen a los muer-tos y a sus fantasmas. Desde sus inicios, por tanto, la Antropología mantuvo en su discurso las ideas del miedo universal a los muertos (Freud 1967 [1913]: 73-101; Wundt 1911; Becker 1973) y de la negación común de la muerte a través de la creencia en la in-mortalidad (Malinowski 1925; Lifton y Olson 1974). Estas dos creencias derivaron, antropológicamente, en una actitud ambivalente de los vivos con los fallecidos, y determinaron la idea misma de la muerte. Para estos autores, la muerte no es un simple acontecimiento bio-lógico sino una transición ritualizada, un proceso en el que tienen lugar la transformación del cuerpo y el alma del difunto, y de su relación con los vivos (Hertz 1960). A través de rituales de separación, de tránsito liminar y de incorporación a una nueva identidad, el muerto pasa a formar parte de una comunidad post mortem (Van Gennep 2008 [1909]).

Funders

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