Depresión como factor de riesgo para la Enfermedad de Alzheimerevidencias y papel de enfermería

  1. Rodriguez, Rebeca Montoiro 1
  2. Martínez Santos, Alba Elena 2
  3. Rodríguez-González, Raquel 2
  1. 1 Servizo Galego de Saúde
    info

    Servizo Galego de Saúde

    Coruna, España

  2. 2 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
    info

    Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Santiago de Compostela, España

    ROR https://ror.org/030eybx10

Journal:
Enfermería global: revista electrónica trimestral de enfermería

ISSN: 1695-6141

Year of publication: 2019

Volume: 18

Issue: 3

Pages: 612-642

Type: Article

DOI: 10.6018/EGLOBAL.346711 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

More publications in: Enfermería global: revista electrónica trimestral de enfermería

Abstract

Introduction: Depression and dementia are two diseases with a high prevalence worldwide and many features in common. Dementia is a progressive disorder being Alzheimer's Disease the most frequent type. On the other hand, depression represents the first worldwide cause of disability. The objective of this review is to analyze depression as a risk factor in the development of Alzheimer's Disease and to highlight the role of nurses regarding prevention in this field. Methods: A bibliographic systematic search in diverse data bases was done. It is necessary to highlight PubMed as the main data base from which the majority of articles included were obtained.Results and discussion: There are mainly three hypotheses about the relationship between depression and dementia: depression as a risk factor, depression as a prodrome or depression and dementia as two independent pathologies. Moreover, there are a lot of aspects that must be taken into account in each case adding more complexity to the investigations. At the neurobiological level there is also evidence of common pathological mechanisms for both diseases. In addition, prevention has to be emphasized as a key point in the treatment of these disorders and nurses play a crucial role in early diagnosis and health education.Conclusions: Depression as a risk factor to Alzheimer's Disease has been demonstrated in many studies. However, there is not a conclusive agreement and, therefore, it is crucial to continue investigating the relation between depression and dementia.

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En particular, un estudio publicado en la revista Journal of Nursing Scholarship, (una de las revistas producidas por la Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing -Sigma-que es la segunda organización de enfermería más grande del mundo) sobre la depresión como FR para distintas patologías, entre ellas la EA, destacó la función de enfermería a nivel preventivo. Señaló que, en primer lugar, debe conocerse la naturaleza y los principales signos y síntomas de la depresión para así poder detectarla de forma temprana, o incluso anticiparse a su desarrollo mediante la adopción de las medidas preventivas más óptimas. Del mismo modo, debe conocerse la relación de la depresión con otras patologías, en este caso con la EA, y su posible actuación como FR para así actuar de forma directa sobre el trastorno depresivo y, paralelamente, de modo indirecto previniendo el desarrollo de la otra patología. Para todo ello es esencial una buena relación enfermera-paciente(19).

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Data source: Dialnet