Mobilized citizenshipMotives, emotions and context

  1. Vilas, Xiana 1
  2. Alzate, Mónica 2
  3. Sabucedo, José Manuel 1
  1. 1 Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
    info

    Universidade de Santiago de Compostela

    Santiago de Compostela, España

    ROR https://ror.org/030eybx10

  2. 2 Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó
    info

    Fundación Universitaria Luis Amigó

    Medellín, Colombia

    ROR https://ror.org/055d5bf90

Journal:
Diversitas: perspectivas en psicología

ISSN: 1794-9998

Year of publication: 2016

Volume: 12

Issue: 2

Pages: 167-181

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Diversitas: perspectivas en psicología

Abstract

Recently, many mobilisations have emerged all around the world and their impact on social change has been noteworthy. In this paper we shall review the evolution of the latest models of collective action in order to better understand current challenges in the field of political protest. Scholars have suggested that identity, grievances, efficacy, and anger are the relevant motives for prompting action. Nonetheless, there is still some room for improvement. In addition to previous variables, there is enough argumentation to include others which have been overlooked by the hegemony of instrumental logic; we are talking about moral obligation and positive emotions. There is a deontological logic in collective protest that can explain why individuals do not simply participate to obtain some kind of benefit; they may also feel morally obligated to do so. Moreover, positive emotions, such as hope, pride or optimism, can reinforce motivation. Another important aspect is the role of context. The specific characteristics of the political and the mobilising context may differently activate some motives or others. All these new contributions question the hegemony of the instrumental logic and demand an update of the theoretical approaches. The authors discuss the implications for theory and future research on collective action.

Bibliographic References

  • Alberici, A. I., Milesi, P., Malfermo, P., Canfora, R. & Marzana, D. (2012, october). Comparing social movement and political party activism: the psychosocial predictors of collective action and the role of the Internet. TAISP Conference. University of Kent: Canterbury.
  • Bandura, A. (1991). Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (eds.). Handbook of moral behavior and development, 1, 45-103. Hillsdale, N. J.:Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Barnes, S. H. & Kaase, M. (1979). Political action. Mass participation in five western democracies. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Bar-Tal, B., Halperin, E. & de Rivera, J. (2007). Collective emotions in conflict situations: Societal implications. Journal of Social Issues, 63, 441-460.
  • Culver, J. L., Carver, C. S. & Scheier, M. F. (2003). Dispositional optimism as a moderator of the impact of health threats on coping and wellbeing. In R. Jacoby & Keinan, G. (eds.). Between stress and hope. From a disease-centered to a health-centered perspective, 27-55. Connecticut: Praeger.
  • Dinerstein, A. C. & Deneulin, S. (2012). Hope movements: Naming mobilization in a post-development world. Developmente and Change, 43, 585-602.
  • Drury, J. & Reicher, S. (2009). Collective psychological empowerment as a model of social change: researching crowds and power. Journal of Social Issues, 65, 707-725.
  • Duncan, L. E. & Smith, C. (2012). The psychology of collective action. In k. Deaux & M. Snyder (eds.). Oxford handbook of personality and social psychology, 754-781. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Etzioni, A. (1970). Demonstration democracy. New York: Gordon & Breach.
  • Eyerman, R. (1998). La praxis cultural de los movimientos sociales. In P. Ibarra & B. Tejerina (eds.). Los movimientos sociales. Transformaciones políticas y cambio cultural, 139-163. Madrid: Editorial Trota.
  • Gamson, W. A. (1992). Talking politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis. An essay on the organization of experience. Boston, M. A.: Northeastern University Press.
  • Gómez-Román, C. & Sabucedo, J. M. (2014). The importance of political context: Motives to participate in a protest before and after the labor reform in Spain. International Sociology, 1-16.
  • Goodwin, J., Jasper, J. M. & Polleta, F. (2000). The return of the repressed: The fall and rise of emotions in social movement theory. Mobilization: An International Journal, 5, 65-83.
  • Hornsey, M. J., Blackwood, L., Louis, W., Fielding, K., Mavor, K., Morton, T., o’Brien, A., Paasonen, K., White, K. M. & White, K. M. (2006). Why do people engage in collective action? Revisiting the role of perceived effectiveness. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 36, 1701-1722. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00077.x.
  • Jarymowicz, M. & Bar-Tal, D. (2006). The dominance of fear over hope in the life of individuals and collectives. European Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 367-392.
  • Jasper, M. J. (1997). The art of moral protest. Culture, biography and creativity in social movements. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Jiménez, M. (2011). La normalización de la protesta. El caso de las manifestaciones en España (1980-2008). Catálogo de Publicaciones de la Administración General del Estado, (70). Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
  • Kemper, T. D. (1991). Predicting emotions from social relations. Social Psychology Quarterly, 54, 330-342.
  • Klandermans, B. (1984). Mobilization and participation: social-psychological explanations of resource mobilization theory. American Sociological Review, 49, 583-600.
  • Klandermans, B. (1997). The social psychology of protest. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Klandermans, B. (2003). Collective political action. In D.O Sears, L. Huddy & R. Jervis. Oxford Handbook of Political Psychology, 670-709. N. Y.: Oxford University Press.
  • Klandermans, B. (2014). Identity politics and politicized identities: Identity processes and the dynamics of protest. Political Psychology, 35, 1-22.
  • Kriesi, H. (1993). Political mobilization and social change: The Dutch case in comparative perspectiva. England: Avebury, Aldershot.
  • Le Bon, G. (1983). Psicología de las masas. Madrid: Morata (original, 1895).
  • Mannarini, T., Roccato, M., Fedi, A. & Rovere, A. (2009). Six factors fostering protest: Predicting participation in locally unwanted land uses movements. Political Psychology, 30, 895-920.
  • Martín-Baró, I. (1998). Psicología de la liberación. Madrid: Trotta.
  • McCarthy, J. D. & Zald, M. (1976). Resource Mobilization and Social Movements: A partial theory. American Journal of Sociology, 82, 1212-1241.
  • Meyer, D., & Tarrow, S. (1998). The social movement society: Contentious politics for a new century. Boulder, C. O.: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Opp, K. D., Voss, P. & Gern, C. (1995). Origins of a spontaneous revolution: East Germany, 1989. Ann Arbor: The Univesity of Michigan Press.
  • Páez, D. Javaloy, F., Wlodarczyk, A., Espelt, E. y Rimé, B. (2013). El movimiento 15-M: sus acciones como rituales, compartir social, creencias, valores y emociones. Revista de Psicología Social, 28, 19-33. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021347413804756078.
  • Páez, D., Rimé, B., Basabe, N., Wlodarczyk, A. & Zumeta, L. (2015). Psychosocial effects of perceived emotional synchrony in collective gatherings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108, 711-729. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000014.
  • Peterson, A., Wahlström, M., Wennerhag, M., Christancho, C. & Sabucedo, J. M. (2012). May day demonstrations in five European countries, Mobilization, 17, 281-300.
  • Rimé, B. (2012). La compartición social de las emociones. Bilbao: Desclée de Brouwe.
  • Rokeach, M. (1973). The nature of human values. N. Y.: Free Press.
  • Runciman, W. G. (1966). Relative deprivation and social justice: A study of attitudes to social inequality in twentieth-century England. Berkeley, C. A.: University of California Press.
  • Sabucedo, J. M., Durán, M. y Alzate, M. (2010). Identidad colectiva movilizada. Revista de Psicología Social, 25, 189-201.
  • Sabucedo, J. M., Grossi, J. y Fernández, C. (1998). Los movimientos sociales y la creación de un sentido común alternativo. En P. Ibarra y B. Tejerina (eds.). Los movimientos sociales. Transformaciones políticas y cambio cultural, 165-180. Madrid: Editorial Trota.
  • Sabucedo, J. M. & Vilas, X. (2014). Anger and positive emotions in political protest. Universitas Psychologica, 13, 829-838.
  • Sears, D. O., Huddy, L. & Jervis, R. (2003). Oxford handbook of political psychology. USA: Oxford University Press.
  • Simon, B., & Klandermans, B. (2001). Politicized collective identity. A social psychological analysis. American Psychologist, 56, 319-331.
  • Skitka, L. J. (2010). The psychology of moral conviction. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 4, 267-281.
  • Skitka, L. J., Bauman, C. W. & Sargis, E. G. (2005). Moral conviction: Another contribution to attitude strength or something more? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 895-917.
  • Smith, E. R. (1993). Social identity and social emotions: Toward new conceptualizations of prejudice. In D. M. Mackie & D. L. Hamilton (eds.). Affect, cognition, and stereotyping: Interactive processes ingroup perception, 297-315. San Diego, C. A.: Academic Press.
  • Stürmer, S., & Simon, B. (2004). Collective action: Towards a dual pathway model. European Review of Social Psychology, 15, 59-99.
  • Stürmer, S. & Simon, B. (2009). Pathways to collective protest: calculation, identification, or emotion? A critical analysis of the role of group-based anger in social movement participation. Journal of Social Issues, 65, 681-705.
  • Tajfel, H. (1981). Human groups and social categories. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Tajfel, H. & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behavior. In S. Worchel & G. William (eds.). Austin psychology of intergroup relations, 7-24. Chicago: Nelson- Hall.
  • Tangney, J., Stuewig, J. & Mashek, D. (2007). Moral emotions and moral behaviour. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 345-372.
  • Tanner, C., Medin, D. L. & Iliev, R. (2008). Influence of deontological versus consequentialist orientations on act choices and framing effects: When principles are more important than consequences. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 757-769.
  • Turner, J. C. & Killian, L. M. (1987). Collective Behaviour (3rd. ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N. Y.: Prentice Hall.
  • Van Aelst, P. & Walgrave, S. (2001). Who is that (wo)man in the street? From the normalization of protest to the normalization of the protester. European Journal of Political Research, 39, 461-486.
  • Van Stekelenburg, J. & Klandermans, B. (2010). The social psychology of protest. Sociopedia. isa, 1- 13.
  • Van Stekelenburg, J., Klandermans, B. & van Dijk, W. (2009). Context matters: Explaining how and why mobilizing context influences motivational dynamics. Journal of Social Issues, 65, 815-838. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2009.01626.x.
  • Van Stekelenburg, J., Klandermans, B. & van Dijk, W. W. (2011). Combining motivations and emotion: The motivational dynamics of protest participation. Revista de Psicología Social, 26, 91-104. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021347411794078426.
  • Van Stekelenburg, J., Walgrave, S., Klandermans, B. & Verhulst, J. (2012). Contextualiszing Contestation. Framework, desing and data. Mobilization, 17, 249-262.
Data source: Dialnet