Distracción osteogénica alveolar. Puesta al día

Abstract

Distraction osteogenesis is a surgical technique that involves the formation of bone by osteotomy and stretching pre-existing bone. It was developed for the elongation of the long bones in the second half of the twentieth century, primarily thanks to the contributions of Ilizarov, who described the basic biological principles of distraction osteogenesis. Applying distraction osteogenesis to increase alveolar bony ridge is called alveolar distraction. In this paper, we describe the clinical application of alveolar distraction technique: the protocol and the timing of treatment, the surgical technique in the mandible and maxilla, the distraction period, the consolidation period and finally, implant placement. It also discusses the results of the technique, emphasizing monitoring and prognosis of the implants. Although alveolar distraction can be considered a new technique, many studies in recent years have proven its effectiveness, especially for vertical bone augmentation. Compared with other regenerative techniques, distraction has lower morbidity, avoids the use of graft materials and reduces the overall treatment time.