Anomalías neurocognitivas asociadas al consumo intensivo de alcohol (binge drinking) en jóvenes y adolescentesuna revisión

  1. López Caneda, Eduardo
  2. Mota Miranda, Nayara Graciella
  3. Crego Barreiro, Alberto
  4. Velasquez, Teresa
  5. Corral Varela, Montserrat
  6. Rodríguez Holguín, Socorro
  7. Cadaveira Mahía, Fernando
Journal:
Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

ISSN: 0214-4840

Year of publication: 2014

Volume: 26

Issue: 4

Pages: 334-359

Type: Article

DOI: 10.20882/ADICCIONES.39 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Adicciones: Revista de socidrogalcohol

Sustainable development goals

Abstract

El consumo intensivo de alcohol o binge drinking (BD) constituye la forma de consumo problemático más común durante la adolescencia y juventud. Al mismo tiempo, es éste un período marcado por profundos cambios, tanto en la estructura como en el funcionamiento cerebral, que pueden verse afectados por el consumo intensivo de alcohol. En los últimos años, se ha publicado un importante número de estudios que tratan de caracterizar los efectos del BD sobre el cerebro. Sin embargo, no existe hasta la fecha ninguna revisión crítica en lengua española de la investigación sobre las consecuencias neuroestructurales, neurofuncionales y cognitivas que pueden derivarse del mantenimiento de un patrón de consumo intensivo de alcohol durante la adolescencia y juventud. El propósito de esta revisión es hacer un resumen crítico de los principales resultados de la investigación sobre los efectos del BD en el cerebro. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Web of Knowledge, PubMed y PsycINFO para el periodo 2000-2013. En general, los trabajos coinciden en señalar que el BD se asocia a 1) menor rendimiento en tareas que evalúan procesos cognitivos como la atención, la memoria o las funciones ejecutivas, 2) alteraciones estructurales (en sustancia blanca y en sustancia gris) en distintas regiones cerebrales y 3) anomalías neurofuncionales (hiper- y/o hipoactivación neural) ligadas a distintos procesos cognitivos. Estos resultados, si bien aún necesitan ser contrastados, alertan sobre las importantes consecuencias que podría tener la persistencia del BD sobre un cerebro joven y todavía en maduración.

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Data source: Dialnet