Psychological injury in victims of child sexual abusea meta-analytic review

  1. González Amado, Bárbara
  2. Arce Fernández, Ramón
  3. Herraiz Fernández, Andrés
Revista:
Psychosocial Intervention

ISSN: 1132-0559

Ano de publicación: 2015

Volume: 24

Número: 1

Páxinas: 49-62

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.1016/J.PSI.2015.03.002 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso aberto editor

Outras publicacións en: Psychosocial Intervention

Resumo

Con el objetivo de conocer los potenciales efectos de la victimización de abuso sexual infantil/adolescente (ASI/ASA) en el desarrollo de sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa así como cuantificar, en su caso, el potencial daño en términos poblacionales, la probabilidad de manifestación de daño y el efecto diferencial de moderadores en la severidad del daño manifestado, se planificó una revisión meta-analítica. Dada la gran proliferación de literatura se seleccionaron aquellos estudios indexados en la base de datos de referencia de calidad científica, la Web of Science. Setenta y ocho estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión: medida de la victimización de ASI/ASA, medida del daño en sintomatología depresiva o ansiosa, medida del tamaño del efecto o inclusión de datos que permitieran computarlo y descripción de la muestra. Los resultados mostraron que la victimización de ASI/ASA conlleva un daño significativo de un tamaño en general moderado y generalizable, que las víctimas tienen un 70% más de probabilidades de presentar daño y que el diagnóstico clínico es una medida significativamente más adecuada del daño que la sintomatología. La probabilidad de cronificación del daño (distimia) es mayor que la de un daño más grave (depresión mayor). En la categoría de los trastornos de ansiedad, el daño se manifiesta con mayor probabilidad en fobia específica. En cuanto al género de la víctima, las mujeres presentan una tasa significativamente mayor de desarrollo de un cuadro depresivo, cuantificado en un 42% sobre la línea base, y ansioso, cuantificado en un 24%. Por el tipo de abuso, los meta-análisis evidencian que el abuso con penetración conlleva más daño y el abuso sin contacto un daño menor. Se discuten las implicaciones clínicas, sociales y legales de los resultados.

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Fonte de datos: Dialnet