Desarrollo de un modelo osteoporótico ovino. Utilización de PRP, BMP-2 y células madre mesenquimales alogénicas en la regeneración de defectos óseos y osteointegración de implantes de titanio

Abstract

This doctoral thesis describes the development of an osteoporotic sheep model and the application of PRP (platelet-rich plasma), BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein2) and allogeneic ADSCs (adipose tissue-derived stem cells) to promote bone healing in bone cavitary defects and the osseointegration of titanium implants in this experimental model. Eighteen animals were used in this experimental procedure that were divided into three groups with six animals per group (group 1 = control, group 2 = osteoporosis, group 3 = osteoporosis, defects and implants). In the first part of this study, the individuals of group 2 underwent bilateral ovariectomy, received glucocorticoid treatment and were fed with a low calcium and vitamin D diet. In order to validate the osteoporotic condition of these animals, bone densitometry scans and bone histomorphometric analyses were performed. Individuals of group 1 remained untreated and were fed with a conventional diet, and their bone densitometric and histomorphometric values were used as reference values for non-osteoporotic animals. A specific positioning system was developed to guarantee the reproducibility and fiablity of the BMD (bone mineral density) measurements. Histomorphometric analyses were performed in lumbar vertebrae and femoral neck bone samples obtained post mortem, that were embedded in methyl methacrylate.