Influencia del encierro en la respuesta fisiológica del toro (Bos Taurus, L.) durante la lidia

Resumen

Bullfighting bovine has a number of peculiarities in their production, management, selection and behavior that make then unique in the world. The breed has a census of approximately 251.000 breeding females and bulls (Lomillos et al, 2012), of which the cattle are derived for the 16,000 bullfights (Bullring and popular), which are held every year in Spain (Spanish Ministry of the Interior, 2010). The bullfighting sector maintains a figure close to 200,000 jobs and generates an economic activity equivalent to 1% of our GDP (Plaza, 2012). Research carried out on this breed is very low, and it is limited to the exclusive celebrations in the bullring. The bull run “encierro” is one of the most widespread popular traditional festivities throughout Spain. The “encierro” means an added physical exercise and a factor of stress prior to the fight. This work has investigated how the bull run affects bullfighting: 1. Through the statistical study of three different bull runs, which cattle have been involved and have subsequently participated in various bullfights (corrida de toros, corrida de toros de rejones and novillada con picadores). 2. Through the comparison of blood variables obtained from carcasses post mortem of those which have participated in bull runs, and information provided by different authors, on cattle which had only participated in bullfighting. The comparative study has referred to the determination of 21 variables; eritrograma (red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume mean value, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin mean concentration), leucograma (white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils), kidney profile (urea, creatinine), liver profile (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total protein, alkaline phosphatase), muscular profile (dehydrogenase lactate enzyme, creatine kinase enzyme), lactate and hormonal variables (testosterone, cortisol and androstenodione).