Los movimientos sociales y los marcos de acción colectiva que apoyan la lucha contra la precariedad laboral

Resumo

This paper revises the theories that have explained the collective action: the Classic approaches; the perspective of the Mobilization of Resources, the perspective of the New Social Movements and the current Social Constructionist perspective of the 'collective action frames'. We argue, however, although Gamson (1992) and Klandermans (1997), detach the importance of defining an injustice sense, agency and antagonistic collective identity shared to support the collective action, they are scarce the researches that analyze these dimensions of the collective action frames. Therefore, and considering our interest in helping in the fight against the labor precariousness, we analyze the sense and the shared nature of the frames that support the fights against this problem in a net of activism autonomous. For this we accomplished a categorial thematic analysis (Bardin, 1977), in the documents of 20 organizations of the net and in the semi structured interviews with 7 activists from these organizations. Contrasting with the diversity of senses found initially, we identified 3 shared frames of collective action that support the fights against the labor precariousness: the first one legitimates this support in the need of struggling against the labor precariousness and the unemployment, the second in the need of struggling against the labor and social precariousness and the third in the need of struggling against the labor and social situation specific of the women. We also observed that due to their common components they possess a potential to build, by consent, a shared collective action frame that supports the formation of a wider struggle against the specific problem of the labor precariousness. We have discussed these results according to the Social Constructionist approach of the collective action frames, detaching the complexity of the qualitative and collective dimension of the frames and the need of a larger theorization to analyze these dimensions.