Neurodevelopmental difficulties as a comprehensive category of learning disabilities in children with developmental delaya systematic review

  1. Taboada Ares, Eva María
  2. Iglesias Souto, Patricia María 1
  3. López Gómez, Santiago 1
  4. Rivas Torres, Rosa María 1
  1. 1 Dpto. de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela
Revista:
Anales de psicología

ISSN: 0212-9728 1695-2294

Ano de publicación: 2020

Título do exemplar: May - September

Volume: 36

Número: 2

Páxinas: 271-282

Tipo: Artigo

DOI: 10.6018/ANALESPS.347741 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDIGITUM editor

Outras publicacións en: Anales de psicología

Resumo

Un número considerable de estudiantes presenta dificultades de aprendizaje y bajo rendimiento académico, sin embargo su evaluación no siempre deriva en un diagnóstico concreto. Son categorizados como inmaduros, pero no se determinan ni la naturaleza ni las características de sus dificultades. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los dominios evolutivos afectados en niños con retraso del desarrollo (RD) con la finalidad de valorar el concepto de dificultades neuroevolutivas como categoría comprensiva y perfil de las dificultades generalizadas de aprendizaje. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases electrónicas Medline, PsycINFO, WOS, Eric, Dialnet y CSIC y, tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionaron 18 artículos. Los resultados confirman que RD se utiliza como etiqueta diagnóstica para caracterizar a niños con retrasos significativos en uno o varios ámbitos del desarrollo, pero no existe una definición de consenso ni criterios específicos para su diagnóstico, y solo sería de aplicación a niños de corta edad. Los dominios afectados coinciden con funciones neuroevolutivas y, en su etiología, destacan factores de riesgo biológico y ambiental. Las dificultades neuroevolutivas abarcarían un amplio espectro de déficits con distintos niveles de gravedad que, al interactuar entre sí, dan lugar a una variedad de perfiles.

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